ArticleInternational journal of molecular medicine2017
Tissue engineered vascularized periosteal flap enriched with MSC/EPCs for the treatment of large bone defects in rats.
Article in International journal of molecular medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascularized Flaps as Living Bioreactors in Bone Tissue Engineering: From Biological Principles to Translational Strategies-A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Significantly increased bone volume in a critical-sized defect model in the rat animal model by transplantation of a stand-alone vascularized periosteal flap.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- The Impact of Defect Size on Bone Healing in Critical-Size Bone Defects Investigated on a Rat Femur Defect Model Comparing Two Treatment Methods.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Progress of Periosteal Osteogenesis: The Prospect of In Vivo Bioreactor.Orthopaedic surgery · 2022Review
- Impact of scaffold granule size use in Masquelet technique on periosteal reaction: a study in rat femur critical size bone defect model.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- [Research progress ofZhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2021Review
- Endothelial progenitor cells promote osteogenic differentiation in co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK-dependent pathway.Stem cell research & therapy · 2020Article
- Oxygen and nutrient delivery in tissue engineering: Approaches to graft vascularization.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2019Review
- CORR Insights®: Vascularized Periosteal Flaps Accelerate Osteointegration and Revascularization of Allografts in Rats.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2019Article
- Five Days Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment Increases Bone Formation and Reduces Gap Size of a Rat Segmental Bone Defect: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vascularized periosteal flaps are used for complex cases if the reconstruction of large bone defects is necessary in modern trauma and orthopedic surgery. In this study, we combined this surgical procedure with β‑TCP scaffold and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) + endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as a tissue engineering approach to obtain optimum conditions for bone healing in rats. A critical size femoral defect was created in 80 rats allocated into 4 groups. Defects were treated according to the following protocol: i) vascularized periosteal flap alone; ⅱ) vascularized periosteal flap + β‑TCP scaffold; ⅲ) vascularized periosteal flap + β‑TCP scaffold + ligated vascular pedicle; and ⅳ) vascularized periosteal flap + β‑TCP scaffold + MSCs/EPCs. After 8 weeks, femur bones were extracted and analyzed for new bone formation, vascularization, proliferation and inflammatory processes and strength. Bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical stability at week 8 were highest in group 4 (flap + β‑TCP scaffold + MSCs/EPCs) compared to all the other groups. Stability was significantly higher in group 4 (flap + β‑TCP scaffold + MSCs/EPCs) in comparison to group 3 (ligated flap + β‑TCP scaffold). BMD was found to be significantly lower in group 3 (ligated flap + β‑TCP scaffold) compared to group 1 (flap) and group 4 (flap + β‑TCP scaffold + MSCs/EPCs). The highest density of blood vessels was observed in group 4 (flap + β‑TCP + MSCs/EPCs) and the values were significantly increased in comparison to group 3 (ligated flap), but not to group 1 (flap) and group 2 (flap + β‑TCP). The highest amounts of proliferating cells were observed in group 4 (flap + β‑TCP scaffold + MSC/EPCs). The percentage of proliferating cells was significantly higher in group 4 (flap + β‑TCP scaffold + MSCs/EPCs) in comparison to all the other groups after 8 weeks. Our data thus indicate that critical size defect healing could be improved if MSCs/EPCs are added to β-TCP scaffold in combination with a periosteal flap. Even after 8 weeks, the amount of proliferating cells was increased. The flap blood supply is essential for bone healing and the reduction of inflammatory processes.
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