ArticleNeurology2017
Increased brain-predicted aging in treated HIV disease.
Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 134 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
134citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
14.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Factors associated with brain ageing - a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2021Pooled it
- ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of meditation on brain age derived from multimodal neuroimaging in experts and older adults from a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Cell-type specific impact of metformin on monocyte epigenetic age reversal in virally suppressed older people living with HIV.Aging cell · 2024Trial
- Hippocampal avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation (HA-PCI) for small cell lung cancer reduces hippocampal atrophy compared to conventional PCI.Neuro-oncology · 2023Trial
- Effect of Ibuprofen on BrainAGE: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Exploratory Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Trial
- No neurocognitive advantage for immediate antiretroviral treatment in adults with greater than 500 CD4+ T-cell counts.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Review
- Investigating the Contribution of Molecular-Enriched Functional Connectivity to Brain-Age Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Deep learning-based MRI analysis reveals Lewy body co-pathology accelerates brain aging in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Hybrid deep learning model for brain age prediction using time-distributed convolutional and bidirectional LSTM networks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Cognition and Brain Imaging in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Patterns of Social Engagement and Associations with Depression, Loneliness and Stigma in People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Quantifying brain-age gap in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy using plasma neurofilament light chain.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- HIV Infection, Neurotoxicity, Inflammation, Premature Aging, and Therapeutic Challenges to PLWH: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Comorbid HIV and Cocaine Use Exacerbate Accelerated Brain Aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prediction of glioma-related epilepsy by Brain Age Index: a multicenter study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Combination antiretroviral therapy prevents SIV-induced aging in the hippocampus and neurodegeneration throughout the brain.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- The normative modelling framework for traumatic brain injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
James H ColeFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy. james.cole@imperial.ac.uk.
Jonathan UnderwoodFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Matthan W A CaanFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Davide De FrancescoFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Rosan A van ZoestFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Robert LeechFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Ferdinand W N M WitFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Peter PortegiesFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Gert J GeurtsenFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Ben A SchmandFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Maarten F Schim van der LoeffFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Claudio FranceschiFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Caroline A SabinFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Charles B L M MajoieFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Alan WinstonFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
Peter ReissFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
David J SharpFrom the Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine (J.H.C., R.L., D.J.S.), and Division of Infectious Diseases (J.U., A.W.), Imperial College London, UK; Departments of Radiology (M.W.A.C., C.B.L.M.M.), Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) (R.A.v.Z., F.W.N.M.W., P.R.), Neurology (P.P., B.A.S.), and Medical Psychology (G.J.G., B.A.S.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Infection & Population Health (D.D.F., C.A.S.), University College London, UK; Dutch HIV Monitoring Foundation (F.W.N.M.W., P.R.); Department of Neurology (P.P.), OLVG Hospital; Public Health Service of Amsterdam (M.F.S.v.d.L.), the Netherlands; and Alma Mater Studiorum (C.F.), University of Bologna, Italy.
COBRA collaboration
Center for Global Health · US
Funding
Department of Health NIHR-RP-011-048Medical Research Council G0600337Medical Research Council G0600657Medical Research Council G0900274Medical Research Council MR/M004236/1
Abstract
objectiveTo establish whether HIV disease is associated with abnormal levels of age-related brain atrophy, by estimating apparent brain age using neuroimaging and exploring whether these estimates related to HIV status, age, cognitive performance, and HIV-related clinical parameters.
methodsA large sample of virologically suppressed HIV-positive adults (n = 162, age 45-82 years) and highly comparable HIV-negative controls (n = 105) were recruited as part of the Comorbidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) collaboration. Using T1-weighted MRI scans, a machine-learning model of healthy brain aging was defined in an independent cohort (n = 2,001, aged 18-90 years). Neuroimaging data from HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals were then used to estimate brain-predicted age; then brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD = brain-predicted brain age - chronological age) scores were calculated. Neuropsychological and clinical assessments were also carried out.
resultsHIV-positive individuals had greater brain-PAD score (mean ± SD 2.15 ± 7.79 years) compared to HIV-negative individuals (-0.87 ± 8.40 years;
conclusionIncreased apparent brain aging, predicted using neuroimaging, was observed in HIV-positive adults, despite effective viral suppression. Furthermore, the magnitude of increased apparent brain aging related to cognitive deficits. However, predicted brain age difference did not correlate with chronological age or duration of HIV infection, suggesting that HIV disease may accentuate rather than accelerate brain aging.
Indexed as
AgingBrainCognition DisordersFemaleHIVHIV InfectionsHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingNeuropsychological TestsPredictive Value of TestsRNARNA
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