ArticleExperimental parasitology2017
Toxoplasma growth in vitro is dependent on exogenous tyrosine and is independent of AAH2 even in tyrosine-limiting conditions.
Article in Experimental parasitology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kiss and spit metabolomics highlight the role of host purine metabolism during pathogen infection.mSphere · 2026Article
- Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii reveals stage-specific regulatory programs and metabolic adaptations driving oocyst sporulation.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Proline dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting catabolic enzyme, affecting the growth and pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites by regulating the proline metabolism and mitochondrial function of the parasite.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Metabolic adaptability and nutrient scavenging inmSphere · 2025Article
- Inhibition ofJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- 4-Arylthiosemicarbazide Derivatives as Toxoplasmic Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylase Inhibitors and Anti-inflammatory Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- 4-Arylthiosemicarbazide derivatives as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Coordinated action of multiple transporters in the acquisition of essential cationic amino acids by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Emerging Mechanisms of Endocytosis inLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Amino Acid Metabolism in Apicomplexan Parasites.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Dual metabolomic profiling uncovers Toxoplasma manipulation of the host metabolome and the discovery of a novel parasite metabolic capability.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- The Bradyzoite: A Key Developmental Stage for the Persistence and Pathogenesis of Toxoplasmosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Perturbations of Metabolomic Profiling of Spleen From Rats Infected WithFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Characterisation of the Toxoplasma gondii tyrosine transporter and its phosphorylation by the calcium-dependent protein kinase 3.Molecular microbiology · 2019Article
- Efficient genome engineering of Toxoplasma gondii using the TALEN technique.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- The tyrosine transporter of Toxoplasma gondii is a member of the newly defined apicomplexan amino acid transporter (ApiAT) family.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Hepatic Metabolomics Investigation in Acute and Chronic Murine Toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Metabolic interactions betweenF1000Research · 2018Review
- Toxoplasma-induced changes in host risk behaviour are independent of parasite-derived AaaH2 tyrosine hydroxylase.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite capable of infecting virtually all nucleated cell types in almost all warm-blooded animals. Interestingly, Toxoplasma has a relatively full repertoire of amino acid biosynthetic machinery, perhaps reflecting its broad host range and, consequently, its need to adapt to a wide array of amino acid resources. Although Toxoplasma has been shown to be auxotrophic for tryptophan and arginine, it has not previously been determined if Toxoplasma is also auxotrophic for tyrosine. Toxoplasma tachyzoites and bradyzoites were recently found to express an amino acid hydroxylase (AAH2) that is capable of synthesizing tyrosine and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) from phenylalanine; however, the role of AAH2 in tachyzoite and bradyzoite infection has not yet been identified. To determine if Toxoplasma requires exogenous tyrosine for growth, we performed growth assays on tachyzoites and bradyzoites in nutrient-rich media titrated with varying amounts of tyrosine. We found that Toxoplasma tachyzoites form significantly smaller plaques in tyrosine-limiting media in a dose-dependent manner and that this phenotype is not affected by deletion of TgAAH2. To determine if bradyzoites require exogenous tyrosine for growth, we induced differentiation from tachyzoites in vitro in tyrosine-limiting media and found that replication and vacuole number are all decreased in tyrosine-deficient media. Importantly, culture of confluent human fibroblasts in tyrosine-deficient media does not affect their viability, indicating that, at least in vitro, the need for tyrosine is at the level of Toxoplasma, not the host cell supporting its growth.
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