ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2017
Modelling the impact of incarceration and prison-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment on HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Scotland.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global epidemiology of injecting drug use, HIV, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis among people who are incarcerated: a multistage systematic review.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Pooled it
- Hepatitis B and C prevalence and incidence in key population groups with multiple risk factors in the EU/EEA: a systematic review.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Pooled it
- Incarceration history and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Safer tattooing interventions in prisons: a systematic review and call to action.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Dynamic Models of Infectious Disease Transmission in Prisons and the General Population.Epidemiologic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis C in Danish Prisons, 2022-2024: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Regional epidemiological study of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus among prisoners.BMC public health · 2025Article
- 'You've Just Got to Keep Pestering': Barriers and Enablers of Attaining Continuity of Hepatitis C Care for People Transitioning Between Prison and Community Health Services in South-East Queensland, Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review on the community dividend resulting from testing and treating hepatitis C infection in people living in detention.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Article
- Scale-up of Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in Prisons Is Both Cost-effective and Key to Hepatitis C Virus Elimination.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a police education program on HIV and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Development and optimisation of a reception testing protocol designed to eliminate HCV in the UK prison population.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Core indicators related to the elimination of hepatitis B and C virus infection in South Korea: A nationwide study.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Article
- Prison-based interventions are key to achieving HCV elimination among people who inject drugs in New South Wales, Australia: A modelling study.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2023Article
- Falling treatment uptake in the hepatitis C care cascade is a growing threat to achieving elimination.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2023Article
- Modelling the contribution of incarceration and public health oriented drug law reform to HCV transmission and elimination among PWID in Tijuana, Mexico.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Timing of elimination of hepatitis C virus in Canada's provinces.Canadian liver journal · 2022Article
- Exploring why patients in heroin-assisted treatment are getting incarcerated-a qualitative study.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPeople who inject drugs (PWID) experience high incarceration rates, and previous incarceration is associated with elevated hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission risk. In Scotland, national survey data indicate lower HCV incidence in prison than the community (4.3 versus 7.3 per 100 person-years), but a 2.3-fold elevated transmission risk among recently released (< 6 months) PWID. We evaluated the contribution of incarceration to HCV transmission among PWID and the impact of prison-related prevention interventions, including scaling-up direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in prison.
designDynamic mathematical modelling of incarceration and HCV transmission, using approximate Bayesian computation for model calibration.
settingScotland, UK.
participantsA simulated population of PWID. MEASUREMENTS: Population-attributable fraction (PAF) of incarceration to HCV transmission among PWID. Decrease in HCV incidence and chronic prevalence due to current levels of prison opiate substitution therapy (OST; 57% coverage) and HCV treatment, as well as scaling-up DAAs in prison and/or preventing the elevated risk associated with prison release.
findingsIncarceration contributes 27.7% [PAF; 95% credible interval (CrI) -3.1 to 51.1%] of HCV transmission among PWID in Scotland. During the next 15 years, current HCV treatment rates (10.4/6.8 per 1000 incarcerated/community PWID annually), with existing prison OST, could reduce incidence and chronic prevalence among all PWID by a relative 10.7% (95% CrI = 8.4-13.3%) and 9.7% (95% CrI = 7.7-12.1%), respectively. Conversely, without prison OST, HCV incidence and chronic prevalence would decrease by 3.1% (95% CrI = -28.5 to 18.0%) and 4.7% (95% CrI = -11.3 to 14.5%). Additionally, preventing the heightened risk among recently released PWID could reduce incidence and chronic prevalence by 45.0% (95% CrI = 19.7-57.5%) and 33.3% (95% CrI = 15.6-43.6%) or scaling-up prison HCV treatments to 80% of chronic PWID prison entrants with sufficient sentences (>16 weeks) could reduce incidence and prevalence by 45.6% (95% CrI = 38.0-51.3%) and 45.5% (95% CrI = 39.3-51.0%), respectively.
conclusionsIncarceration and the elevated transmission risk following prison release can contribute significantly to hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs. Scaling-up hepatitis C virus treatment in prison can provide important prevention benefits.
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