Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28257094›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2017

Online Detection of Driver Fatigue Using Steering Wheel Angles for Real Driving Conditions.

Zuojin Li, Shengbo Eben Li, Renjie Li, Bo Cheng, Jinliang Shi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zuojin LiCollege of Electrical and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China. cqustlzj@sina.cn.
Shengbo Eben LiState Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. lisb04@gmail.com.
Renjie LiState Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. lirenaxe@gmail.com.
Bo ChengState Key Lab of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. chengbo@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Jinliang ShiCollege of Electrical and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China. sjl@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents a drowsiness on-line detection system for monitoring driver fatigue level under real driving conditions, based on the data of steering wheel angles (SWA) collected from sensors mounted on the steering lever. The proposed system firstly extracts approximate entropy (ApEn)featuresfromfixedslidingwindowsonreal-timesteeringwheelanglestimeseries. Afterthat, this system linearizes the ApEn features series through an adaptive piecewise linear fitting using a given deviation. Then, the detection system calculates the warping distance between the linear features series of the sample data. Finally, this system uses the warping distance to determine the drowsiness state of the driver according to a designed binary decision classifier. The experimental data were collected from 14.68 h driving under real road conditions, including two fatigue levels: "wake" and "drowsy". The results show that the proposed system is capable of working online with an average 78.01% accuracy, 29.35% false detections of the "awake" state, and 15.15% false detections of the "drowsy" state. The results also confirm that the proposed method based on SWA signal is valuable for applications in preventing traffic accidents caused by driver fatigue.

Indexed as

approximate entropy (ApEn)fatigue detectionsteering wheel angles (SWA)warping distance

Identifiers

PMID28257094
PMCPMC5375781

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.