ArticlePloS one2017
Fetal growth trajectories in pregnancies of European and South Asian mothers with and without gestational diabetes, a population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Different Types of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Pooled it
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asians - A Systematic Review From a Population Health Perspective.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Partner Smoking/Drinking Is Associated with Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Perinatal Outcomes.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Overweight prevalence increases from 2 to 8 years of age among children with immigrant background in a Norwegian multiethnic population.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2025Article
- First Trimester Mean Glucose Level on Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Associated with Infant Birth Weight.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Observational
- Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Fetal Growth Rate and Later Overweight in the Offspring.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- A closer look at Galectin-3: its association with gestational diabetes mellitus revealed by systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus at the first trimester: machine-learning algorithms.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Association between maternal cardiometabolic markers and fetal growth in non-complicated pregnancies: a secondary analysis of the PRINCESA cohort.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Hormonal Determinants of Growth and Weight Gain in the Human Fetus and Preterm Infant.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in Norway with gestational diabetes using three diagnostic criteria.PloS one · 2023Article
- Risk prediction models of gestational diabetes mellitus before 16 gestational weeks.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Models for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Four Different Methods.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Maternal Glucose Levels and Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometrics in a Shanghai Cohort.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Risk Prediction Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population Based on a Risk Scoring System.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021Article
- Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Population via Advanced Machine Learning.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- The Impact of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Epigenome-wide association study of maternal hemoglobin A1c in pregnancy and cord blood DNA methylation.Epigenomics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOur aim was to examine the impact of gestational diabetes (GDM), from before the GDM-diagnosis is made, on fetal growth trajectories, and to compare it in Europeans and South Asians; two ethnic groups with dissimilar fetal growth patterns.
methodsWe studied European (n = 349) and South Asian (n = 184) pregnant women, from the population-based STORK-Groruddalen cohort in Oslo, Norway. Mothers were enrolled in early pregnancy, screened for GDM in gestational week 28 ±2, and classified as "non-GDM", "mild GDM" or "moderate/severe GDM". We measured fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length by ultrasound, and estimated fetal weight in gestational week 24, 32 and 37, and performed corresponding measurements at birth.
resultsIn non-GDM pregnancies, South Asian fetuses (n = 156) had a slower growth from gestational week 24, compared with Europeans (n = 310). More than two thirds of the European mothers later diagnosed with GDM were overweight or obese in early pregnancy, while this was not observed in South Asians. Fetuses of GDM mothers tended to be smaller than fetuses of non-GDM mothers in week 24, but thereafter grew faster until birth. This pattern was especially pronounced in fetuses of South Asian mothers with moderate/severe GDM. In week 24 these fetuses had a -0.95 SD (95% CI: -1.53, -0.36) lower estimated fetal weight than their non-GDM counterparts. In contrast, at birth they were 0.45 SD (0.09, 0.81) larger.
conclusionsOffspring of GDM mothers were smaller in mid pregnancy, but subsequently grew faster until birth, compared with offspring of non-GDM mothers. This pattern was most prominent in South Asian mothers with moderate to severe GDM. However, the most remarkable characteristic of these fetuses was not a large size at birth, but the small size in mid pregnancy, before the GDM diagnosis was set.
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