Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28252573›Full record

ArticleNursing research

Influence of Feeding Type on Gut Microbiome Development in Hospitalized Preterm Infants.

Xiaomei Cong, Michelle Judge, Wanli Xu, Ana Diallo, Susan Janton, Elizabeth A Brownell, Kendra Maas, Joerg Graf

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06893939 (Limited Versus Extended Trophic Feeding), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06893939 phase2 / phase3recruitingnot on this map

Limited Versus Extended Trophic Feeding (LET-FEED) Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WashingtonRan2025 to 2031Enrolled350ConditionsSepsis, Length of Stay, Mortality, Neurodevelopmental DelayArmsLimited Trophic Feeds (1 day of trophic feeds), Extended Trophic Feeds (3 days of trophics)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Systematic Review of the Effect of Enteral Feeding on Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2018
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. The Critical Period Microbiota Shape Brain Plasticity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. BAMITA: Bayesian multiple imputation for tensor arrays.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Impact of mother's own milkMicrobiome research reports · 2025
    Review

21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaomei CongXiaomei Cong, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs; Affiliated Faculty, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington; and Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington. Michelle Judge, PhD, RD, CD-N, is Assistant Professor; Wanli Xu, BSN, MS, RN, is PhD student; and Ana Diallo, MSN, RN, is PhD student, School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Susan Janton, MS, is Technician, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Elizabeth A. Brownell, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, and Perinatal Epidemiologist, Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford. Kendra Maas, PhD, is Facility Scientist, Microbial Analysis, Resources, and Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Joerg Graf, PhD, is Professor, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington.
Michelle Judge
Wanli Xu
Ana Diallo
Susan Janton
Elizabeth A Brownell
Kendra Maas
Joerg Graf

Funding

Early Life Experience Imprints Gut Microbiome in Preterm InfantsK23NR014674 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI CONG, XIAOMEI SOPHIA · 2013 to 2015
$396k
NINR NIH HHS K23 NR014674
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPremature infants have a high risk for dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Mother's own milk (MOM) has been found to favorably alter gut microbiome composition in infants born at term. Evidence about the influence of feeding type on gut microbial colonization of preterm infants is limited.

objectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the effect of feeding types on gut microbial colonization of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

methodsThirty-three stable preterm infants were recruited at birth and followed up for the first 30 days of life. Daily feeding information was used to classify infants into six groups (MOM, human donor milk [HDM], Formula, MOM + HDM, MOM + Formula, and HDM + Formula) during postnatal days 0-10, 11-20, and 21-30. Stool samples were collected daily. DNA extracted from stool was used to sequence the 16S rRNA gene. Exploratory data analysis was conducted with a focus on temporal changes of microbial patterns and diversities among infants from different feeding cohorts. Prediction of gut microbial diversity from feeding type was estimated using linear mixed models.

resultsPreterm infants fed MOM (at least 70% of the total diet) had highest abundance of Clostridiales, Lactobacillales, and Bacillales compared to infants in other feeding groups, whereas infants fed primarily HDM or formula had a high abundance of Enterobacteriales compared to infants fed MOM. After controlling for gender, postnatal age, weight, and birth gestational age, the diversity of gut microbiome increased over time and was constantly higher in infants fed MOM relative to infants with other feeding types (p < .01). DISCUSSION: MOM benefits gut microbiome development of preterm infants, including balanced microbial community pattern and increased microbial diversity in early life.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaInfant, PrematureMicrobiotaMilk, HumanBreast FeedingFemaleGastrointestinal TractHumansInfant, NewbornInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaIntestinesMale

Identifiers

PMID28252573
PMCPMC5334772

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.