ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2018
Chitin and Its Effects on Inflammatory and Immune Responses.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 305 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel platform maintains cartilage-synovium homeostasis for enhanced osteoarthritis therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Rethinking the immune recognition of cell walls in human fungal pathogens: Mechanisms, controversies and translational significance.Virulence · 2026Review
- Effects of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal on growth, gut health, and bone microstructure responses in broiler chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Structural Characterization and Biological Evaluation of a Novel GlcNAc-Bearing Exopolysaccharide from the Mangrove Endophytic FungusMarine drugs · 2026Article
- Insects as an Alternative Protein Source: A Sustainable Approach to Future Food Security.Insects · 2026Review
- A comprehensive review on structural, chemical, and functional perspectives of dietary polysaccharide-driven gut microbiota modulation: Mechanisms and challenges.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Acetylation and accessibility ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Influence ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Decoding the microbial landscape of endometrial cancer: a case-control study.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Integrating Transcriptomics and Gut Microbiota Analysis Reveals Adaptive Mechanisms of Alkaline Stress on the Molting and Intestinal Immune Responses in Pacific White Shrimp,Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Yeast-Derived Postbiotics for Prevention of Enteric Diseases in Farm Animals: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted black soldier fly larvae on growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, and diarrhea incidence in weaning pigs.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
- Effects ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Chitosan as a Vaccine Adjuvant: From Material Determinants to Innate Immune Activation and Formulation Optimization.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Insects on the Plate: Nutritional Benefits, Health Impacts, and Market Dynamics.Current protein & peptide science · 2026Review
- Carbohydrate-Based Hydrogels: Weaving Nature's Versatility into Biomedical Innovation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Polysaccharide Adjuvants as Innate Immune Trainers: Bridging Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Activation and Metabolic Reprogramming for Synthetic Vaccine Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Effect of dietary inclusion of gamma-ray irradiated black soldier fly larvae or grasshopper on blood metabolites and immunity in broiler chickens.Poultry science · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chitin, a potential allergy-promoting pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), is a linear polymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues which are linked by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Mammalians are potential hosts for chitin-containing protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes; however, mammalians themselves do not synthetize chitin and thus it is considered as a potential target for recognition by mammalian immune system. Chitin is sensed primarily in the lungs or gut where it activates a variety of innate (eosinophils, macrophages) and adaptive immune cells (IL-4/IL-13 expressing T helper type-2 lymphocytes). Chitin induces cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of chitin (varying in size, degree of acetylation and purity) to mice has been applied as a routine approach to investigate chitin's priming effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Structural chitin present in microorganisms is actively degraded by host true chitinases, including acidic mammalian chitinases and chitotriosidase into smaller fragments that can be sensed by mammalian receptors such as FIBCD1, NKR-P1, and RegIIIc. Immune recognition of chitin also involves pattern recognition receptors, mainly via TLR-2 and Dectin-1, to activate immune cells to induce cytokine production and creation of an immune network that results in inflammatory and allergic responses. In this review, we will focus on various immunological aspects of the interaction between chitin and host immune system such as sensing, interactions with immune cells, chitinases as chitin degrading enzymes, and immunologic applications of chitin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.