SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2017
Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term persistence and boostability of immune responses following different rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis priming schedules of a purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine administered alone or concomitantly with a Japanese encephalitis vaccine.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Trial
- Long-term immunity and the effect of one or two booster doses with a lyophilized human rabies vaccine (human diploid cells) at 10 years post primary vaccination in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis as a complementary vaccination strategy to reduce rabies in Kerala, India: a cost-effectiveness modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Cost-utility analysis of pre-exposure prophylaxis rabies vaccine in 5-year-old children in Thailand.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-Term Immunogenicity of Rabies Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Japanese Adult Travelers: Comparison of Dosing Regimens.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Reemergence of Human Rabies in an Endemic Peruvian Amazon Region.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- One-step ahead: evaluating the efficacy of single-visit rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis against conventional multi-visit protocol: a randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Article
- Routine childhood rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis can be cost effective in low- and middle-income countries.Vaccine · 2025Article
- The Deadly Details: How Clear and Complete Are Publicly Available Sources of Human Rabies Information?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Rabies seropositive individuals, dogs, and healthcare professionals without prior vaccination in four Brazilian Indigenous communities.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Application of metagenomics sequencing to diagnose paralytic rabies with stroke-like onset: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Factors influencing vaccination of dogs against rabies in South Mugirango Sub-County-Kisii County; Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Rabies in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Hematophagous Bat-Mediated Rabies Outbreaks in Remote Amazon Communities: Lessons from a Pilot for Public Health Policy.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Review
- Empowering Riverine Communities in the Amazon: Strategies for Preventing Rabies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Rabies control in high-burden countries: role of universal pre-exposure immunization.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Review
- Fifty Years of the National Rabies Control Program in Brazil under the One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tracking lethal threat: in-depth review of rabies.Open veterinary journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review the safety and immunogenicity of pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis (including accelerated schedules, co-administration with other vaccines and booster doses), its cost-effectiveness and recommendations for use, particularly in high-risk settings.
methodsWe searched the PubMed, Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases for papers on pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis published between 2007 and 29 January 2016. We reviewed field data from pre-exposure prophylaxis campaigns in Peru and the Philippines.
findingsPre-exposure rabies prophylaxis was safe and immunogenic in children and adults, also when co-administered with routine childhood vaccinations and the Japanese encephalitis vaccine. The evidence available indicates that shorter regimens and regimens involving fewer doses are safe and immunogenic and that booster intervals could be extended up to 10 years. The few studies on cost suggest that, at current vaccine and delivery costs, pre-exposure prophylaxis campaigns would not be cost-effective in most situations. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis has been advocated for high-risk populations, only Peru and the Philippines have implemented appropriate national programmes. In the future, accelerated regimens and novel vaccines could simplify delivery and increase affordability.
conclusionPre-exposure rabies prophylaxis is safe and immunogenic and should be considered: (i) where access to postexposure prophylaxis is limited or delayed; (ii) where the risk of exposure is high and may go unrecognized; and (iii) where controlling rabies in the animal reservoir is difficult. Pre-exposure prophylaxis should not distract from canine vaccination efforts, provision of postexposure prophylaxis or education to increase rabies awareness in local communities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.