ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2017
The nematocyst's sting is driven by the tubule moving front.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Idealized Model of Extrusome Ejection Through the Collapse of a Capsule.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- The 'jimble', a southern Australia box jellyfish,Toxicon: X · 2026Article
- Morphological and functional characterization of the ptychocyte, a stingless stinging cell.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Haplotype-resolved chromosomal-level genome assembly of Chrysaora achlyos (black sea nettle).Scientific data · 2026Article
- Predation on scyphozoan polyps and selective hydrozoan nematocyst incorporation dynamics in an alien aeolid nudibranch.Frontiers in zoology · 2025Article
- Obtainment of Two Monomorphic Nematocysts fromMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Biohybrid Microrobots Based on Jellyfish Stinging Capsules and Janus Particles for In Vitro Deep-Tissue Drug Penetration.Small science · 2025Article
- Advances in Jellyfish Sting Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- An ancient pan-cnidarian microRNA regulates stinging capsule biogenesis in Nematostella vectensis.Cell reports · 2023Article
- The architecture and operating mechanism of a cnidarian stinging organelle.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Isolation, Structure Determination, and Synthesis of Cyclic Tetraglutamic Acids from Box Jellyfish SpeciesMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Functional and proteomic analysis of Ceratonova shasta (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) polar capsules reveals adaptations to parasitism.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The nematocyst is the explosive injection system of the phylum Cnidaria, and is one of the fastest delivery systems found in Nature. Exploring its injection mechanism is key for understanding predator-prey interactions and protection against jellyfish stinging. Here we analyse the injection of jellyfish nematocysts and ask how the build-up of the poly-γ-glutamate (pγGlu) osmotic potential inside the nematocyst drives its discharge. To control the osmotic potential, we used a two-channel microfluidic system to direct the elongating nematocyst tubule through oil, where no osmotic potential can develop, while keeping the nematocyst capsule in water at all times. In addition, the flow inside the tubule and the pγGlu concentration profiles were calculated by applying a one-dimensional mathematical model. We found that tubule elongation through oil is orders of magnitude slower than through water and that the injection rate of the nematocyst content is reduced. These results imply that the capsule's osmotic potential is not sufficient to drive the tubule beyond the initial stage. Our proposed model shows that the tubule is pulled by the high osmotic potential that develops at the tubule moving front. This new understanding is vital for future development of nematocyst-based systems such as osmotic nanotubes and transdermal drug delivery.
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