ArticleBMJ open2017
Healthier central England or North-South divide? Analysis of national survey data on smoking and high-risk drinking.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unequal high streets? A spatial analysis of inequalities in health-related amenities in England from 2014-2024.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Regional Differences in Cigarette Consumption Across Great Britain: A Population Study, 2022-2024.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- When research data meet reality: contrasting advanced laryngeal cancer outcomes in The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and a United Kingdom regional cohort.The Journal of laryngology and otology · 2025Article
- Trends in smoking prevalence and socio-economic inequalities across regions in England: A population study, 2006 to 2024.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Observational
- Trends in Daily Cigarette Consumption Among Smokers: A Population Study in England, 2008-2023.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction in the North-West of England, UK: a three-centre retrospective cohort study.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2024Article
- Do demographic and socioeconomic characteristics underpin differences in youth smoking initiation across Canadian provinces? Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2015-2018).Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Article
- Contributions of event rates, pre-hospital deaths, and deaths following hospitalisation to variations in myocardial infarction mortality in 326 districts in England: a spatial analysis of linked hospitalisation and mortality data.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for Problematic Drinking in One's Thirties and Forties: A Longitudinal Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Smokers' Use of E-Cigarettes in Situations Where Smoking Is not Permitted in England: Quarterly Trends 2011-2020 and Associations With Sociodemographic and Smoking Characteristics.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Independent Associations Between Different Measures of Socioeconomic Position and Smoking Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adults in England.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Protocol for expansion of an existing national monthly survey of smoking behaviour and alcohol use in England to Scotland and Wales: The Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study.Wellcome open research · 2021Article
- Article
- Changes in smoker characteristics in England between 2008 and 2017.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Reweighting national survey data for small area behaviour estimates: modelling alcohol consumption in Local Authorities in England.Population health metrics · 2020Article
- Genetic correlates of social stratification in Great Britain.Nature human behaviour · 2019Article
- Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Associations between socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption: A population survey of adults in England.PloS one · 2019Article
- Beliefs and attitudes about addressing alcohol consumption in health care: a population survey in England.BMC public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis paper compares patterns of smoking and high-risk alcohol use across regions in England, and assesses the impact on these of adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
designPopulation survey of 53 922 adults in England aged 16+ taking part in the Alcohol and Smoking Toolkit Studies. MEASURES: Participants answered questions regarding their socioeconomic status (SES), gender, age, ethnicity, Government Office Region, smoking status and completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). High-risk drinkers were defined as those with a score of 8 or more (7 or more for women) on the AUDIT.
resultsIn unadjusted analyses, relative to the South West, those in the North of England were more likely to smoke, while those from the East of England, South East and London were less likely. After adjustment for sociodemographics, smoking prevalence was no higher in North East (RR 0.97, p>0.05), North West (RR 0.98, p>0.05) or Yorkshire and the Humber (RR 1.03, p>0.05) but was less common in the East and West Midlands (RR 0.86, p<0.001; RR 0.91, p<0.05), East of England (RR 0.86, p<0.001), South East (RR 0.92, p<0.05) and London (RR 0.85, p<0.001). High-risk drinking was more common in the North but was less common in the Midlands, London and East of England. Adjustment for sociodemographics had little effect. There was a higher prevalence in the North East (RR 1.67, p<0.001), North West (RR 1.42, p<0.001) and Yorkshire and the Humber (RR 1.35, p<0.001); lower prevalence in the East Midlands (RR 0.69, p<0.001), West Midlands (RR 0.77, p<0.001), East of England (RR 0.72, p<0.001) and London (RR 0.71, p<0.001); and a similar prevalence in the South East (RR 1.10, p>0.05)
conclusionsIn adjusted analyses, smoking and high-risk drinking appear less common in 'central England' than in the rest of the country. Regional differences in smoking, but not those in high-risk drinking, appear to be explained to some extent by sociodemographic disparities.
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