SynthesisCardiovascular diabetology2017
Incretin-based agents in type 2 diabetic patients at cardiovascular risk: compare the effect of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors on cardiovascular and pancreatic outcomes.
Synthesis in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond GLP-1: efficacy and safety of dual and triple incretin agonists in personalized type 2 diabetes care-a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative outcomes of heart failure among existent classes of anti-diabetic agents: a network meta-analysis of 171,253 participants from 91 randomized controlled trials.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Pooled it
- Comparison of the effects of twice-daily exenatide and insulin on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a 52-week randomized, open-label, controlled trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Trial
- Association Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors Use and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: Findings From Nationwide Case-Based Analyses.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Modern antidiabetic therapy by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors against cardiovascular diseases.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- De novo in silico screening of natural products for antidiabetic drug discovery: ADMET profiling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for drug-related acute pancreatitis: an analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Incretin based therapy and pancreatic cancer: Realising the reality.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.Medicine · 2022Article
- The Impact of Novel Anti-Diabetic Medications on CV Outcomes: A New Therapeutic Horizon for Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Cardiac Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: An Update Based on Preclinical Research.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Effects of Liraglutide on Left Ventricular Function: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials.International journal of endocrinology · 2021Article
- Better cardiovascular outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus DPP-4 inhibitors in clinical practice.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Article
- DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin is Neuroprotective in Hyperglycemic Mice with Stroke via the AKT/mTOR Pathway and Anti-apoptotic Effects.Neuroscience bulletin · 2020Article
- Diabetes and Cancer: Cancer Should Be Screened in Routine Diabetes Assessment.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2019Review
- Adverse Effects of Glycemia-Lowering Medications in Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
- Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Article
- Cardiovascular risk reduction with once-weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of gender, age, and baseline CV risk profile in the SUSTAIN 6 trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019 · on this mapArticle
- Incretin-Based Antihyperglycemic Agents for the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncretin-based agents, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1As), work via GLP-1 receptor for hyperglycemic control directly or indirectly, but have different effect on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. The present study is to evaluate and compare effects of incretin-based agents on CV and pancreatic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high CV risk.
methodsSix prospective randomized controlled trials (EXMAINE, SAVOR-TIMI53, TECOS, ELIXA, LEADER and SUSTAIN-6), which included three trials for DPP-4Is and three trials for GLP-1As, with 55,248 participants were selected to assess the effect of different categories of incretin-based agents on death, CV outcomes (CV mortality, major adverse CV events, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, heart failure hospitalization), pancreatic events (acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer) as well as on hypoglycemia.
resultsWhen we evaluated the combined effect of six trials, the results suggested that incretin-based treatment had no significant effect on overall risks of CV and pancreatic outcomes compared with placebo. However, GLP-1As reduced all-cause death (RR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98) and CV mortality (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97), whereas DPP-4Is had no significant effect on CV outcomes but elevated the risk for acute pancreatitis (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.14-2.72) and hypoglycemia (both any and severe hypoglycemia), while GLP-1As lowered the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
conclusionsGLP-1As decreased risks of all-cause and CV mortality and severe hypoglycemia, whereas DPP-4Is had no effect on CV outcomes but increased risks in acute pancreatitis and hypoglycemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.