Trial reportPloS one2017
The salivary microbiome is altered in the presence of a high salivary glucose concentration.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timing of food intake impacts daily rhythms of human salivary microbiota: a randomized, crossover study.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2018Trial
- Oral Microbial and Metabolic Alterations in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus Concomitant With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Observational
- Oral microbiome classification of elevated salivary glucose in a large adolescent Kuwaiti population.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative machine learning analysis of saliva and plaque microbiomes in Kuwaitis with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Oral-heart axis from pregnancy and postpartum: maternal oral microbiota relates with cardiac reverse remodeling.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Salivary glucose, salivary interleukin-18, glycemic control, and periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbial dysbiosis in oral cavity determines obesity status in adolescents.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Association Between Diabetes Status, Glycaemic Control and Untreated Root Caries Among United States Adults.International dental journal · 2025Article
- Salivary microbiota and IgA responses are different in pre-diabetic individuals compared to normoglycemic controls.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Diet type and the oral microbiome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Diet and nutrition key factors for oral microbiota composition: a systematic review.Food & nutrition research · 2025Review
- Analysis of the diversity and function of the microbiota in infected root canals of type 2 diabetes mellitus with apical periodontitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbial and proteomic signatures of type 2 diabetes in an Arab population.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical and Microbiological Periodontal Biofilm Evaluation of Patients with Type I Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between the Growth ofReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Oral microbiome in human health and diseases.mLife · 2024Review
- Altered salivary microbiota associated with high-sugar beverage consumption.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Microbiota of Saliva: A Non-invasive Diagnostic Tool.Indian journal of microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType II diabetes (T2D) has been associated with changes in oral bacterial diversity and frequency. It is not known whether these changes are part of the etiology of T2D, or one of its effects.
methodsWe measured the glucose concentration, bacterial counts, and relative frequencies of 42 bacterial species in whole saliva samples from 8,173 Kuwaiti adolescents (mean age 10.00 ± 0.67 years) using DNA probe analysis. In addition, clinical data related to obesity, dental caries, and gingivitis were collected. Data were compared between adolescents with high salivary glucose (HSG; glucose concentration ≥ 1.0 mg/d, n = 175) and those with low salivary glucose (LSG, glucose concentration < 0.1 mg/dL n = 2,537).
resultsHSG was associated with dental caries and gingivitis in the study population. The overall salivary bacterial load in saliva decreased with increasing salivary glucose concentration. Under HSG conditions, the bacterial count for 35 (83%) of 42 species was significantly reduced, and relative bacterial frequencies in 27 species (64%) were altered, as compared with LSG conditions. These alterations were stronger predictors of high salivary glucose than measures of oral disease, obesity, sleep or fitness.
conclusionsHSG was associated with a reduction in overall bacterial load and alterations to many relative bacterial frequencies in saliva when compared with LSG in samples from adolescents. We propose that hyperglycemia due to obesity and/or T2D results in HSG and subsequent acidification of the oral environment, leading to a generalized perturbation in the oral microbiome. This suggests a basis for the observation that hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of dental erosion, dental caries, and gingivitis. We conclude that HSG in adolescents may be predicted from salivary microbial diversity or frequency, and that the changes in the oral microbial composition seen in adolescents with developing metabolic disease may the consequence of hyperglycemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.