ArticlePloS one2017
Meal frequency patterns and glycemic properties of maternal diet in relation to preterm delivery: Results from a large prospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between ultra-processed food and common pregnancy adverse outcomes: a dose-response systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dietary Intake Assessment Using a Novel, Generic Meal-Based Recall and a 24-Hour Recall: Comparison Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Trial
- An observational analysis of meal patterns in overweight and obese pregnancy: exploring meal pattern behaviours and the association with maternal and fetal health measures.Irish journal of medical science · 2020Trial
- The relationship between first trimester maternal diet and early pregnancy loss: a retrospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Article
- Ramadan During Pregnancy and Offspring Age at Menarche in Indonesia: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Chrononutrition behaviors during pregnancy: maternal nighttime eating increases the risk of preterm birth.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Nighttime eating during pregnancy and infant adiposity at 6 months of life.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Skipping breakfast during pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Japanese women: the Tohoku medical megabank project birth and three-generation cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- Eating Patterns during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Their Association with Diet Quality and Energy Intake.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Meal patterning and the onset of spontaneous labor.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Meal Pattern in the Colombian Population: Results of the National Nutrition Survey. ENSIN, 2015.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2022Article
- Meal Pattern Analysis in Nutritional Science: Recent Methods and Findings.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
- Preterm Birth: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence on Nutritional and Bioactive Solutions for Risk Reduction.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Fermented foods and preterm birth risk from a prospective large cohort study: the Japan Environment and Children's study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Generic Meal Patterns Identified by Latent Class Analysis: Insights from NANS (National Adult Nutrition Survey).Nutrients · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDietary habits are linked to high maternal glucose levels, associated with preterm delivery. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between meal frequency and glycemic properties of maternal diet in relation to preterm delivery.
methodsThis prospective cohort study included 66,000 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Meal frequency and food intake data were obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire during mid-pregnancy. Principal component factor analysis was used with a data-driven approach, and three meal frequency patterns were identified: "snack meal", "main meal", and "evening meal". Pattern scores were ranked in quartiles. Glycemic index and glycemic load were estimated from table values. Intakes of carbohydrates, added sugar, and fiber were reported in grams per day and divided into quartiles. Gestational age was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Preterm delivery was defined as birth at <37 gestational weeks. A Cox regression model was used to assess associations with preterm delivery.
resultsAfter adjustments, the "main meal" pattern was associated with a reduced risk of preterm delivery, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 0.98) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.99) for the third and fourth quartiles, respectively, and p for trend of 0.028. This was mainly attributed to the group of women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, with HRs of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.96) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.98) for the third and fourth quartiles, respectively, and p for trend of 0.010. There was no association between glycemic index, glycemic load, carbohydrates, added sugar, fiber, or the remaining meal frequency patterns and preterm delivery.
conclusionRegular consumption of main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) was associated with a lower risk of preterm delivery. Diet should be further studied as potential contributing factors for preterm delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.