ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2017
Diversification of Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes by intragenic recombination and their potential expansion in endemic areas.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global seroprevalence of scrub typhus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Scrub typhus ecology: a systematic review of Orientia in vectors and hosts.Parasites & vectors · 2019Pooled it
- Gene expression in immune cells infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi and the antigenic variability of 56-kDa type-specific antigen.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Recombinant Dabie bandavirus as a bivalent vaccine platform inducing protective immunity against intracellular pathogens and cancer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in bats from the China-Myanmar border.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Case Report: An imported severe case of paediatric scrub typhus with Karp B subgenotype in non-endemic Northern China, Beijing.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Neglected and lethal: Case series of fatal scrub typhus in Malaysia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A New Gilliam Genotypic Variant ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Genotype Analysis onTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Molecular species delimitation analysis of Leptotrombidium spp. and other chigger species parasitizing birds in Malaysia.Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi From Patients and Small Mammals in Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province, China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Severe Scrub Typhus with Acute Kidney Injury: Urine PCR Evidence from an East Coast Malaysian Cluster.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of scrub typhus among patients with acute febrile illness: A study from northern districts of West Bengal.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Dual-Genotype Orientia tsutsugamushi Infections, Hainan Island, China, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Patient-centric analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi spatial diversity patterns across Hainan Island, China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A CRISPR-Cas12a-based universal rapid scrub typhus diagnostic method targeting 16S rRNA of Orientia tsutsugamushi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Concatenated ScaA and TSA56 Surface Antigen Sequences Reflect Genome-Scale Phylogeny ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus in Guizhou Province, China: An outbreak study of scrub typhus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Phylogenetic and immunological investigations of complete TSA56 ORF of Orientia tsutsugamushi present in acute encephalitis syndrome cases from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundScrub typhus is a mite-borne febrile disease caused by O. tsutsugamushi infection. Recently, emergence of scrub typhus has attracted considerable attention in several endemic countries in Asia and the western Pacific. In addition, the antigenic diversity of the intracellular pathogen has been a serious obstacle for developing effective diagnostics and vaccine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsTo understand the evolutionary pathway of genotypic diversification of O. tsutsugamushi and the environmental factors associated with the epidemiological features of scrub typhus, we analyzed sequence data, including spatiotemporal information, of the tsa56 gene encoding a major outer membrane protein responsible for antigenic variation. A total of 324 tsa56 sequences covering more than 85% of its open reading frame were analyzed and classified into 17 genotypes based on phylogenetic relationship. Extensive sequence analysis of tsa56 genes using diverse informatics tools revealed multiple intragenic recombination events, as well as a substantially higher mutation rate than other house-keeping genes. This suggests that genetic diversification occurred via frequent point mutations and subsequent genetic recombination. Interestingly, more diverse bacterial genotypes and dominant vector species prevail in Taiwan compared to other endemic regions. Furthermore, the co-presence of identical and sub-identical clones of tsa56 gene in geographically distant areas implies potential spread of O. tsutsugamushi genotypes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Fluctuation and diversification of vector species harboring O. tsutsugamushi in local endemic areas may facilitate genetic recombination among diverse genotypes. Therefore, careful monitoring of dominant vector species, as well as the prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi genotypes may be advisable to enable proper anticipation of epidemiological changes of scrub typhus.
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