ArticleFemale pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery
Effect of Pregnancy and Delivery on Cytokine Expression in a Mouse Model of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Article in Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mouse Knockout Models for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: a Systematic Review.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Differential expression of vaginal microenvironment cytokines in relation to delivery modes and their impact on postpartum pelvic floor recovery.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
- Cytokine modulation in pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence: from molecular insights to therapeutic targets.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Potential molecular targets for intervention in pelvic organ prolapse.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Regenerative medicine for anal incontinence: a review of regenerative therapies beyond cells.International urogynecology journal · 2021Review
- Evidence of macrophage modulation in the mouse pubic symphysis remodeling during the end of first pregnancy and postpartum.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Recruitment of monocytes and mature macrophages in mouse pubic symphysis relaxation during pregnancy and postpartum recovery†.Biology of reproduction · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy and delivery mode on cytokine expression in the pelvic organs and serum of lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout (LOXL1 KO) mice, which develop pelvic organ prolapse after delivery.
methodsBladder, urethra, vagina, rectum, and blood were harvested from female LOXL1 KO mice during pregnancy, after vaginal or cesarean delivery, and from sham cesarean and unmanipulated controls. Pelvic organs and blood were also harvested from pregnant and vaginally delivered wild-type (WT) mice and from unmanipulated female virgin WT controls. Specimens were assessed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsBoth CXCL12 and CCL7 mRNA were significantly up-regulated in the vagina, urethra, bladder, and rectum of pregnant LOXL1 KO mice compared with pregnant WT mice, suggesting systemic dysregulation of both of these cytokines in LOXL1 KO mice as a response to pregnancy.The differences in cytokine expression between LOXL1 KO and WT mice in pregnancy persisted after vaginal delivery. CCL7 gene expression increases faster and to a greater extent in LOXL1 KO mice, translating to longer lasting increases in CCL7 in serum of LOXL1 KO mice after vaginal delivery, compared with pregnant mice.
conclusionsLysyl oxidase like-1 KO mice have an increased cytokine response to pregnancy perhaps because they are less able to reform and re-cross-link stretched elastin to accommodate pups, and this resultant tissue stretches during pregnancy. The up-regulation of CCL7 after delivery could provide an indicator of level of childbirth injury, to which the urethra and vagina seem to be particularly vulnerable.
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Registered trials
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