ArticleBMJ open2017
Population trends in the 10-year incidence and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the UK: a cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink 2004-2014.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between socioeconomic status and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-VEGF drugs compared with laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Scoring and validation of a simple model for predicting diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes based on a meta-analysis approach of 21 cohorts.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Test accuracy of artificial intelligence-based grading of fundus images in diabetic retinopathy screening: A systematic review.Journal of medical screening · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of intravitreal VEGF inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Pooled it
- Prediction models for development of retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and external validation in a Dutch primary care setting.Diabetologia · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic prediction models for diabetic retinopathy progression: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Associations Between Demographic Characteristics, and Diabetes-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Clinical Parameters in People With Diabetes Attending Eye Clinics in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Current Treatment Approaches: From Pathogenesis to Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Associated Factors Among Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Predicting diagnostic gene biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in patients with diabetes.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in the development of diabetes-related complications: narrative review of the roles of ancestry and geographical determinants.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- A Markov model assessing the cost-effectiveness of various anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and panretinal photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Health outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus in North West London: a 10-year longitudinal study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Diabetic Patients from Northeastern Bulgaria.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Referrals for proliferative diabetic retinopathy from two UK diabetic retinopathy screening services: a 10-year analysis of visual outcomes, requirement for vitrectomy, and mortality.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- A practical evidence-based approach to management of type 2 diabetes in children and young people (CYP): UK consensus.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Virtual front door for new referrals from a Diabetic Eye Screening Programme in England.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Real-World Outcomes of Faricimab Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Do Socioeconomic Inequalities Exist Within Ophthalmology and Orthoptics in the UK?: A Scoping Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo describe trends in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the UK by diabetes type, age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, region and calendar year.
designCohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
settingUK primary care.
participants7.7 million patients ≥12 contributing to the CPRD from 2004 to 2014. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardised prevalence and incidence of diabetes, DR and severe DR (requiring photocoagulation) by calendar year and population subgroup. Relative risk of developing DR and severe DR by population subgroup.
resultsThe prevalence of DR was 48.4% in the population type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (14 846/30 657) and 28.3% (95 807/338 390) in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prevalence of DR remained stable in people with T2DM and decreased in people with T1DM. Screening for DR increased over time for patients with T2DM and remained static for patients with T1DM Incidence of DR increased in parallel with the incidence of T2DM in both diabetic populations. Among patients with T2DM, relative risk of DR varied significantly by region, was increased for older age groups and in men compared with women, with risk of severe DR increased in South Asian groups and more deprived groups. Relative risk of DR for patients with T1DM varied by age and region, but not by gender, ethnic group or deprivation.
conclusionsThis is the largest study to date examining the burden of DR in the UK. Regional disparities in incidence may relate to differences in screening delivery and disease ascertainment. Evidence that deprivation and ethnicity are associated with a higher risk of severe DR highlights a significant potential health inequality. Findings from this study will have implications for professionals working in the diabetes and sight loss sectors, particularly to inform approaches for diagnosis of retinopathy and campaigning to better tackle the disease for at risk groups.
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