ArticleArthritis research & therapy2017
Epstein-Barr virus lytic infection promotes activation of Toll-like receptor 8 innate immune response in systemic sclerosis monocytes.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of myeloid cells expressing CD169/Siglec-1 in host-pathogen interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- GATA2 Mediates Macrophage Proliferation During Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- miRNA-Targeted Vaccines: A Promising Approach for Viral Attenuation and Immunogenicity Enhancement.Current gene therapy · 2025Review
- A review of recent studies on the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: focus on fibrosis pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Significant up-regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer.International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics · 2025Article
- Serum TLR2 and TLR9 in Prostate Cancer Patients in Relation to EBV Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring the nuclear proteins, viral capsid protein, and early antigen protein using immunoinformatic and molecular modeling approaches to design a vaccine candidate against Epstein Barr virus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Virus-Induced MicroRNA Modulation and Systemic Sclerosis Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity.Journal of hazardous materials · 2024Review
- How Toll-like Receptor 9 Plays a Key Role in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Is Linked to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection.Cancers · 2023Article
- Review
- Current Concepts on the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Systemic sclerosis and primary biliary cholangitis share an antibody population with identical specificity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- Antiviral Innate Immune Responses in Autoimmunity: Receptors, Pathways, and Therapeutic Targeting.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Systemic Scleroderma-Definition, Clinical Picture and Laboratory Diagnostics.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are activated in an interleukin-18-dependent manner in Epstein-Barr virus-associated T/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- A rapid, easy, and scalable whole blood monocyte CD169 assay for outpatient screening during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and potentially other emerging disease outbreaks.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Increased expression of the TLR7/9 signaling pathways in chronic active EBV infection.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Anti-viral and pro-inflammatory functions of Toll-like receptors during gamma-herpesvirus infections.Virology journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMonocytes/macrophages are activated in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic sclerosis (scleroderma; SSc), with increased expression of interferon (IFN)-regulatory genes and inflammatory cytokines, suggesting dysregulation of the innate immune response in autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated whether the lytic form of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (infectious EBV) is present in scleroderma monocytes and contributes to their activation in SSc.
methodsMonocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) depleted of the CD19+ cell fraction, using CD14/CD16 negative-depletion. Circulating monocytes from SSc and healthy donors (HDs) were infected with EBV. Gene expression of innate immune mediators were evaluated in EBV-infected monocytes from SSc and HDs. Involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR)8 in viral-mediated TLR8 response was investigated by comparing the TLR8 expression induced by infectious EBV to the expression stimulated by CL075/TLR8/agonist-ligand in the presence of TLR8 inhibitor in THP-1 cells.
resultsInfectious EBV strongly induced TLR8 expression in infected SSc and HD monocytes in vitro. Markers of activated monocytes, such as IFN-regulated genes and chemokines, were upregulated in SSc- and HD-EBV-infected monocytes. Inhibiting TLR8 expression reduced virally induced TLR8 in THP-1 infected cells, demonstrating that innate immune activation by infectious EBV is partially dependent on TLR8. Viral mRNA and proteins were detected in freshly isolated SSc monocytes. Microarray analysis substantiated the evidence of an increased IFN signature and altered level of TLR8 expression in SSc monocytes carrying infectious EBV compared to HD monocytes.
conclusionThis study provides the first evidence of infectious EBV in monocytes from patients with SSc and links EBV to the activation of TLR8 and IFN innate immune response in freshly isolated SSc monocytes. This study provides the first evidence of EBV replication activating the TLR8 molecular pathway in primary monocytes. Immunogenicity of infectious EBV suggests a novel mechanism mediating monocyte inflammation in SSc, by which EBV triggers the innate immune response in infected cells.
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