Observational studyRespiratory research2017
GDF-15 plasma levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are associated with subclinical coronary artery disease.
Observational study in Respiratory research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00608764 (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPDGene)
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Link Between Obesity, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Methods to assess atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Circulating growth differentiation factor-15 concentration and hypertension risk: a dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Integration of patient-reported outcomes and myokine profiling for the detection of physical inactivity in COPD: an exploratory multicentre study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- COPD and Cardiovascular Diseases: Biomarker-Guided Stratification and Therapeutic Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Management of COPD With Cardiovascular Risk in Asia: A Review by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology COPD Assembly.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Review
- GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- Loss of growth differentiation factor 15 exacerbates lung injury in neonatal mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular disease-linked plasma proteins are mainly associated with lung volume.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Associations between serum mitokine levels and outcomes in stable COPD: an observational prospective study.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels with low oxygenated blood and blood pressure (Pulmonary trunk): role of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Metformin: Experimental and Clinical Evidence for a Potential Role in Emphysema Treatment.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Observational
- The Association of Aging Biomarkers, Interstitial Lung Abnormalities, and Mortality.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- A Novel Role of Growth Differentiation Factor (GDF)-15 in Overlap with Sedentary Lifestyle and Cognitive Risk in COPD.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Lung Disease and Senescence: Potential Role Across the Lifespan.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Review
- GDF15 is an epithelial-derived biomarker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2019Article
- GDF-15 in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2019Article
- Validation of lung density indices by cardiac CT for quantification of lung emphysema.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a cytokine associated with cardiovascular mortality, increases during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, but any role in stable COPD is unknown. We tested associations between GDF-15 and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, in COPD subjects free of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).
methodsCross-sectional analysis of COPD participants (GOLD stages 2-4) in the COPDGene cohort without CVD at enrollment, using baseline CAC (from non-EKG-gated chest computed tomography) and plasma GDF-15 (by custom ELISA). We used multinomial logistic modeling of GDF-15 associations with CAC, adjusting for demographics, baseline risk (calculated using the HEART: Personal Heart Early Assessment Risk Tool (Budoff et al. 114:1761-1791, 2006) score), smoking history, measures of airflow obstruction, emphysema and airway disease severity.
resultsAmong 694 participants with COPD (47% women, mean age 63.6 years) mean GDF-15 was 1,304 pg/mL, and mean CAC score was 198. Relative to the lower GDF-15 tertile, higher tertiles showed bivariate association with increasing CAC score (mid tertile odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29, 2.51; higher tertile OR 2.86, CI 2.04, 4.02). This association was maintained after additionally adjusting for baseline CVD risk, for co-morbidities and descriptors of COPD severity and impact, markers of cardiac stress (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin T) and of inflammation (Interleukin-6), and in subgroup analysis excluding men, diabetics, current smokers or those with limited ambulation.
conclusionsIn ever-smokers with COPD free of clinical CVD, GDF-15 contributes independently to subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00608764 . Registered 28 January 2008.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.