ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
A Comparison of the Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Ocular Surfaces between C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for dry eye syndrome in Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Potential of Fenofibric Acid as Topical Eye Drops for Management of Dry Eye Syndrome.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Dual-Responsive Chitosan-Grafted PNIPAAm Hydrogel Eye Drop Incorporating Insulin-Imprinted Microgels for Dry Eye Syndrome Treatment.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Characterization of Liquid Formulations for Enhanced Buccal Permeation: Exploring Key Attributes.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Rapamycin Mitigates Corneal Damage in a Mouse Model of Alkali Burn Injury.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterization of T cells in the progression of dry eye disease using single-cell RNA sequencing in mice.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- A Bioengineered Model of the Human Cornea for Preclinical Assessment of Human Ocular Exposure to Environmental Toxicants.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Sourced Exosomes as Potentially Novel Remedies for Severe Dry Eye Disease.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Antioxidant Carbon Dots Nanozyme Loaded in Thermosensitive in situ Hydrogel System for Efficient Dry Eye Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- DZ2002 alleviates corneal angiogenesis and inflammation in rodent models of dry eye disease via regulating STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- MicroRNA-146a negatively regulates inflammation via the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway in dry eye.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Recombinant Human Clusterin Seals Damage to the Ocular Surface Barrier in a Mouse Model of Ophthalmic Preservative-Induced Epitheliopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Interleukin-20 is involved in dry eye disease and is a potential therapeutic target.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Article
- Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Micelles: Break the Dry Eye Vicious Cycle.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Cytokine Profiles and the Effect of Intravitreal Aflibercept Treatment on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization.Ophthalmic research · 2022Article
- Cellulosic Polymers for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Aqueous humor cytokine levels through microarray analysis and a sub-analysis based on optical coherence tomography in wet age-related macular degeneration patients.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Benzalkonium chloride-induced myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts is inhibited by coculture with corneal epithelial cells or by interleukin-10.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Smart contact lens and transparent heat patch for remote monitoring and therapy of chronic ocular surface inflammation using mobiles.Science advances · 2021Article
- Role of CD4+ T Helper Cells in the Development of BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Models of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced ocular disruption have been created and are widely used in various animals. This study aimed to compare the effects of BAC on the ocular surfaces of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were treated separately with BAC eye-drops at different concentrations. Eyes were evaluated by scoring epithelial disruption, corneal opacity and neovascularization in vivo, and by histological assays with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E) and periodic acid-Schiff stainings and by determining the expression of inflammatory factors in vitro on Days 7 and 14. The in vivo corneal epithelial disruption, corneal edema/opacity and neovascularization, which were in accordance with the results of the H/E staining and peaked at Day 7, were observed in a dose-dependent manner in the BAC-treated mice, with more severe signs in the C57BL/6 mice than the BALB/c mice. The loss of conjunctival goblet cells in the conjunctivas and the increasing expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), growth-regulated protein alpha (GROa) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1a) in the corneas were found in a dose-dependent manner in both strains of mice. Topical application of BAC can dramatically disrupt the ocular surfaces of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, and the disruptions were much more severe in the C57BL/6 mice that received high doses of BAC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.