ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2017
Increased levels of intramuscular cytokines in patients with jaw muscle pain.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Levels of the Biomarkers hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder Treated with LLLT, Traditional Conservative Treatment, and a Combination of Both.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Experimental pain and fatigue induced by excessive chewing.BMC oral health · 2020Trial
- Repetitive tooth-clenching triggers kynurenine pathway activation in masseter muscle of women with temporomandibular disorders myalgia.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Masticatory myalgia to headache-like secondary hypersensitivity induces gene plasticity at dura mater.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Epigenetic and biomolecular mechanisms in chronic temporomandibular disorder-related pain: an integrative review.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Association between bruxism and inflammatory rheumatic diseases: is there a possible bidirectional relationship?Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- Associations between temporomandibular disorders/bruxism and head and neck pains: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2025Article
- A protocol for a randomized controlled trial of photobiomodulation for management of temporomandibular disorder pain in Adults.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2025Article
- Genetic, Psychological, and Behavioural Factors Associated with Subtypes of Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Stabilization Splint Therapy for Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Improves Opening Movements and Jaw Limitation and Attenuates Pain by Influencing the Levels of IL-7, IL-8, and IL-13 in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Association between circulating inflammatory proteins and temporomandibular disorders: insight from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2025Article
- The Potential of Percent Agreement as an Adjunctive Diagnostic Tool for Acute Temporomandibular Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Genetic Influences of Proinflammatory Cytokines on Pain Severity in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Could painful temporomandibular disorders be nociplastic in nature? A critical review and new proposal.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2024Review
- Inflammatory Markers and Sleep Architecture in Sleep Bruxism-A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Causal effects of autoimmune diseases on temporomandibular disorders and the mediating pathways: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Associations of tissue damage induced inflammatory plasticity in masseter muscle with the resolution of chronic myalgia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The role of inflammatory markers in Temporomandibular Myalgia: A systematic review.The Japanese dental science review · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate cytokine levels in the masseter muscle, their response to experimental tooth-clenching and their relation to pain, fatigue and psychological distress in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) myalgia.
methodsForty women, 20 with TMD myalgia (Diagnostic Criteria for TMD) and 20 age-matched healthy controls participated. Intramuscular microdialysis was performed to sample masseter muscle cytokines. After 140 min (baseline), a 20-minute tooth-clenching task was performed (50% of maximal voluntary contraction force). Pain (Numeric rating scale 0-10) and fatigue (Borg's Ratings of Perceived Exertion 6-20) were assessed throughout microdialysis, while pressure-pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed before and after microdialysis. Perceived stress (PSS-10) and Trait Anxiety (STAI) were assessed before microdialysis.
resultsThe levels of IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-13 were higher in patients than controls (Mann Whitney U-test; P's < 0.05) during the entire microdialysis. IL-6, IL-8 and IL-13 changed during microdialysis in both groups (Friedman; P's < 0.05), while IL-1β, IL-7 and GM-CSF changed only in patients (P's < 0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 increased in response to tooth-clenching in both groups (Wilcoxon test; P's < 0.05), while IL-7, IL-13 and TNF increased only in patients (P's < 0.05). Patients had higher pain and fatigue than controls before and after tooth-clenching (P < 0.001), and lower PPTs before and after microdialysis (P < 0.05). There were no correlations between cytokine levels, pain or fatigue. Also, there were no differences in stress or anxiety levels between groups.
conclusionsIn conclusion, the masseter levels of IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-13 were elevated in patients with TMD myalgia and increased in response to tooth-clenching. Tooth-clenching increased jaw muscle pain and fatigue, but without correlations to cytokine levels. This implies that subclinical muscle inflammation may be involved in TMD myalgia pathophysiology, but that there is no direct cause-relation between inflammation and pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.