ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2017
A Pause-then-Cancel model of stopping: evidence from basal ganglia neurophysiology.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for non-selective response inhibition in uncertain contexts revealed by combined meta-analysis and Bayesian analysis of fMRI data.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Hyperdirect insula-basal-ganglia pathway and adult-like maturity of global brain responses predict inhibitory control in children.Nature communications · 2019Pooled it
- Alcohol effects on globus pallidus connectivity: Role of impulsivity and binge drinking.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Has stopping stopped making sense? Disentangling the processes elicited by complex action cancellation paradigms.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cortical Contributions to Attentional Orienting and Response Cancellation in Action Stopping.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- A cortico-subthalamic circuit rapidly engages and releases inhibition of specific movements depending on the environmental context.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- How the dynamic interplay of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic pathways shapes the time course of deliberation and commitment.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Cortico-basal ganglia dynamics of global and selective response inhibition in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological Signatures of Planned and Unplanned Continuous Movement Termination in Parkinson's Disease.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Stopping Muscle Contractions and Relaxations during Action Inhibition Involves Global and Targeted Control Dependent on Muscle State.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Global Motor System Suppression as the Primary Mechanism of Human Action Stopping: Challenging the Pause-Then-Cancel Model.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Contribution of glutamatergic projections to neurons in the nonhuman primate substantia nigra pars reticulata for reactive inhibition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- When Stopping Requires Going: Physiological Similarities Between Action Cancellation and the Cancellation of Action Cancellation.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Similar Dynamic Frontal Cortex Representations of Auditory Stimuli Cueing Opposite Actions and Rewards.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Neuroanatomical Changes in the Stopping Network Across the Adult Lifespan Assessed With Quantitative and Diffusion MRI.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Common and Unique Neurophysiological Processes That Support the Stopping and Revising of Actions.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Does the stop-signal P3 reflect inhibitory control?Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2025Review
- Does the stop-signal P3 reflect inhibitory control?Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2025Review
- Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Many studies have implicated the basal ganglia in the suppression of action impulses ('stopping'). Here, we discuss recent neurophysiological evidence that distinct hypothesized processes involved in action preparation and cancellation can be mapped onto distinct basal ganglia cell types and pathways. We examine how movement-related activity in the striatum is related to a 'Go' process and how going may be modulated by brief epochs of beta oscillations. We then describe how, rather than a unitary 'Stop' process, there appear to be separate, complementary 'Pause' and 'Cancel' mechanisms. We discuss the implications of these stopping subprocesses for the interpretation of the stop-signal reaction time-in particular, some activity that seems too slow to causally contribute to stopping when assuming a single Stop processes may actually be fast enough under a Pause-then-Cancel model. Finally, we suggest that combining complementary neural mechanisms that emphasize speed or accuracy respectively may serve more generally to optimize speed-accuracy trade-offs.This article is part of the themed issue 'Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.