ArticleJournal of dermatological science2017
Lowering relative humidity level increases epidermal protein deimination and drives human filaggrin breakdown.
Article in Journal of dermatological science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compromised skin barrier induced by prolonged face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic and its remedy with proper moisturization.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2023Trial
- Advancing human skin models by integrating skin microbes for next-generation research.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A standardized approach to test missenseJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- The role and management of dietary and environmental factors in pediatric atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
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- Marek's disease virus replication in chicken skin reconstructedThe Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Early skin colonization byFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
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- Cornification of keratinocytes is associated with differential changes in the catalytic activity and the immunoreactivity of transglutaminase-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Deimination in epidermal barrier and hair formation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Down-regulation of peptidylarginine deiminase type 1 in reconstructed human epidermis disturbs nucleophagy in the granular layer and affects barrier function.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Transglutaminase Activity Is Conserved in Stratified Epithelia and Skin Appendages of Mammals and Birds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Revisiting the Roles of Filaggrin in Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Cracking the Skin Barrier: Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Shines under the Skin.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2021Review
- Staphylococcus epidermidis protease EcpA can be a deleterious component of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Premature infant skin barrier maturation: status at full-term corrected age.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- The Role of the Environment and Exposome in Atopic Dermatitis.Current treatment options in allergy · 2021Review
- Development of Epidermal Equivalent from Electrospun Synthetic Polymers for In Vitro Irritation/Corrosion Testing.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDeimination (also known as citrullination), the conversion of arginine in a protein to citrulline, is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Three PADs are expressed in the epidermis, one of their targets being filaggrin. Filaggrin plays a central role in atopic dermatitis and is a key protein for the epidermal barrier. It aggregates keratins and is cross-linked to cornified envelopes. Following its deimination, it is totally degraded to release free amino acids, contributing to the natural moisturizing factor (NMF). The mechanisms controlling this multistep catabolism in human are unknown.
objectiveTo test whether external humidity plays a role, and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved.
methodsSpecimens of reconstructed human epidermis (RHEs) produced in humid or dry conditions (>95% or 30-50% relative humidity) were compared.
resultsRHEs produced in the dry condition presented structural changes, including a thicker stratum corneum and a larger amount of keratohyalin granules. The transepidermal water loss and the stratum corneum pH were decreased whereas the quantity of NMF was greater. This highly suggested that filaggrin proteolysis was up-regulated. The expression/activity of the proteases involved in filaggrin breakdown did not increase while PAD1 expression and the deimination rate of proteins, including filaggrin, were drastically enhanced. Partial inhibition of PADs with Cl-amidine reversed the effect of dryness on filaggrin breakdown.
conclusionThese results demonstrate the importance of external humidity in the control of human filaggrin metabolism, and suggest that deimination plays a major role in this regulation.
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