ReviewParasitology2017
Importance of serological cross-reactivity among Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia spp., Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti.
Review in Parasitology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Camelids of the New and Old World: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- Global Prevalence of Neospora caninum in Domestic Pigs (Sus domesticus) and Wild Boars (Sus scrofa): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of recombinant TgGRA14 as a diagnostic antigen for detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Serological evidence of exposure to Besnoitia besnoiti, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cows from Costa Rica.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in impala (Aepyceros melampus) from the Greater Kruger in South Africa: Detection of the Africa 4 lineage.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- TheMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Article
- Seroprevalence ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies AgainstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- High Seroprevalence Rates of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Dogs in the Pantanal Region of Mato Grosso, Brazil.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of recombinant dense granule 14 for serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evidence of in Utero Anti-Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization ofRoyal Society open science · 2025Article
- Prevalence ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2025Article
- Seroepidemiology of porcine toxoplasmosis: A cross-sectional study in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Successful Management of Presumed Reactivation of Neospora caninum Following Immunosuppression for Immune Thrombocytopenia in an Adult Doberman.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Serological and molecular investigation ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Functionality of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a population of Beninese pregnant women exposed to malaria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Optimization of a Conventional Assay into SYBR Green Real-Time PCR for the Detection of the Nc5 Segment from Neospora caninum.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti are genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification of T. gondii, Neospora spp. and B. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected with T. gondii and H. hammondi, as well as among animals infected by T. gondii and N. caninum. Infections caused by N. caninum and N. hughesi are almost indistinguishable by serology. Neospora caninum, B. besnoiti and Sarcocystis spp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity between Neospora spp. and H. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected with T. gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and B. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods for N. caninum diagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.