ArticleParasites & vectors2017
Predominance of atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in free-roaming chickens in St. Kitts, West Indies.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathology and parasite distribution in mice challenged withParasitology · 2026Article
- An abortion storm in a goat farm in the Northeast Region of Brazil was caused by the atypicalCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Toxoplasma gondii clonal type III is the dominant genotype identified in Grenadian pigs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus andVeterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Epidemiologic significance ofParasitology · 2020Review
- Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in Free-Ranging Chickens from the Caribbean.Acta parasitologica · 2019Article
- Review
- Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2019Article
- Comparative virulence of Caribbean, Brazilian and European isolates of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite of felids which can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Free-roaming chickens are good indicators of environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts because they feed from the ground. Previous research has demonstrated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii in domestic animals on St. Kitts but little is known about the genotypes circulating in the environment.
methodsHearts and brains from 81 free-roaming chickens in St. Kitts were digested and inoculated into 243 Swiss Webster mice in a bioassay. DNA was extracted from digested chicken tissues and the brains of all mice, and screened for T. gondii. Positive samples were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Chicken sera were also screened for T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT).
resultsOverall, 41% (33 out of 81) of chickens were positive for T. gondii either by serology and/or by PCR. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected by MAT in 32% (26 out of 81) of chickens, and T. gondii DNA was detected in mouse brains representing 26% (21 out of 81) of chickens. Genotyping of 21 DNA isolates, using polymorphisms at 10 loci, including SAG1, SAG2 (5'-3' SAG2 and alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico, revealed that 7 were ToxoDB genotype #141, 6 were #1 (Type II), 3 were #13, 3 were #265, one was #264 and one was #2 (Type III). Genotypes #13 and #141 appear to be more virulent.
conclusionsThe results of this study highlight the greater genetic diversity of T. gondii circulating in the Caribbean region, with potentially different degrees of virulence to humans.
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