ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2017
Complexing Methylene Blue with Phosphorus Dendrimers to Increase Photodynamic Activity.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium Cholate-Mediated Ion-Pairing for Skin Delivery of Methylene Blue: Physicochemical Characterization and Influence on Skin Barrier and Skin Penetration.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Assessing the in vivo Safety of Dendrimer-Based Formulations Used in Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- On the Photo-Eradication of Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Photodynamic Inactivation Effectively EradicatesJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Triazine-Carbosilane Dendrimersomes Enhance Cellular Uptake and Phototoxic Activity of Rose Bengal in Basal Cell Skin Carcinoma Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Progress in Nanocarriers Codelivery System to Enhance the Anticancer Effect of Photodynamic Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Phosphorus Dendrimers as Nanotools against Cancers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The efficiency of photodynamic therapy is limited mainly due to low selectivity, unfavorable biodistribution of photosensitizers, and long-lasting skin sensitivity to light. However, drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles may overcome the limitations mentioned above. Among others, dendrimers are particularly attractive as carriers, because of their globular architecture and high loading capacity. The goal of the study was to check whether an anionic phosphorus dendrimer is suitable as a carrier of a photosensitizer-methylene blue (MB). As a biological model, basal cell carcinoma cell lines were used. We checked the influence of the MB complexation on its singlet oxygen production ability using a commercial fluorescence probe. Next, cellular uptake, phototoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell death were investigated. The MB-anionic dendrimer complex (MB-1an) was found to generate less singlet oxygen; however, the complex showed higher cellular uptake and phototoxicity against basal cell carcinoma cell lines, which was accompanied with enhanced ROS production. Owing to the obtained results, we conclude that the photodynamic activity of MB complexed with an anionic dendrimer is higher than free MB against basal cell carcinoma cell lines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.