ReviewBrain sciences2017
Hyperarousal and Beyond: New Insights to the Pathophysiology of Insomnia Disorder through Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Review in Brain sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Convergent abnormality in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in insomnia disorder: A revisited neuroimaging meta-analysis of 39 studies.Sleep medicine reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Neurofeedback for post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and neurophysiological outcomes.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Sleep quality is associated with default mode and salience network connectivity differently across age and sex.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Quantitative Electroencephalography as a Complement to Symptom-Based Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- The effectiveness of Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep EEG hyperarousal: a multicentric polysomnographic study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity Alterations in Insomnia Disorder: A Systematic Review of Studies Published from 2020 to July 2025.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- EEG correlates of sleep stages, sleep discrepancy, and insomnia: a comparative analysis of people with insomnia and healthy sleepers using spectral power and sample entropy.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Effects of lemborexant and zolpidem on sleep electroencephalography in older adults with insomnia: a randomized trial.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Sleepless hours: the lived experience of chronic insomnia and anxiety across the US care spectrum.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Demyelination and Cognitive Performance in Long COVID Patients with Insomnia and/or Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Local and network neural activations and their associations with sleep parameters during threat conditioning and extinction in persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder with and without Insomnia Disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Reduced prefrontal activation during cognitive control under emotional interference in chronic insomnia disorder.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Chronic insomnia, REM sleep instability and emotional dysregulation: A pathway to anxiety and depression?Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Relationship between cortical activation and sleep quality in cerebral small vessel disease patients: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A clinical outcomes analysis for insomnia.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Exploring predictors of insomnia severity in shift workers using machine learning model.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Sleep Science: A Narrative Review of the Historical Origins and Current Applications of Sleep Neuroimaging.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have produced seemingly contradictory findings in regards to the pathophysiology of insomnia. Although most study results are interpreted from the perspective of a "hyperarousal" model, the aggregate findings from neuroimaging studies suggest a more complex model is needed. We provide a review of the major findings from neuroimaging studies, then discuss them in relation to a heuristic model of sleep-wake states that involves three major factors: wake drive, sleep drive, and level of conscious awareness. We propose that insomnia involves dysregulation in these factors, resulting in subtle dysregulation of sleep-wake states throughout the 24 h light/dark cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.