ArticleScience immunology2016
The discontinuity theory of immunity.
Article in Science immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune Tolerance vs. Immune Resistance: The Interaction Between Host and Pathogens in Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- The immune system as a regulator of normal physiology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association of Ion Concentration with Immune-Related Adverse Events and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- The Invisible Lens: Why Theoretical Models Are Essential for Interpreting Immune Phenomena.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Redefining the Immunobiology of Organ Transplantation for New Clinical Horizons.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Biological and clinical implications of a model of surveillance immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Dynamical model and geometric insights in the discontinuity theory of immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lysosomal zinc nanomodulation blocks macrophage pyroptosis for counteracting atherosclerosis progression.Science advances · 2025Article
- Nanrilkefusp alfa (SOT101), an IL-15 receptor βγ superagonist, as a single agent or with anti-PD-1 in patients with advanced cancers.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Evolution of the ocular immune system.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Association of Soda Drinks and Fast Food with Allergic Diseases in Korean Adolescents: A Nationwide Representative Study.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2024Article
- Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation.PeerJ · 2024Review
- Regulation of anti-tumor immunity by metal ion in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Adaptation Model of Immunity: Signal IV Matters Most in Determining the Functional Outcomes of Immune Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Minding the gut: extending embodied cognition and perception to the gut complex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Philosophical Approach to Neural Autoantibodies in Psychiatric Disease-Multi-Systemic Dynamic Continuum from Protective to Harmful Autoimmunity in Neuronal Systems.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immunological exhaustion: How to make a disparate concept operational?PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Aging and Cancer: The Waning of Community Bonds.Cells · 2021Review
- Polyvalent design in the cGAS-STING pathway.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Some biological systems detect the rate of change in a stimulus rather than the stimulus itself only. We suggest that the immune system works in this way. According to the discontinuity theory of immunity, the immune system responds to sudden changes in antigenic stimulation and is rendered tolerant by slow or continuous stimulation. This basic principle, which is supported by recent data on immune checkpoints in viral infections, cancers, and allergies, can be seen as a unifying framework for diverse immune responses.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.