ArticleTobacco regulatory science2016
Self-Administration of Smokeless Tobacco Products in Rats.
Article in Tobacco regulatory science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of β-Nicotyrine in E-Cigarette abuse liability I: Drug Discrimination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Attenuating nicotine's effects with high affinity human anti-nicotine monoclonal antibodies.PloS one · 2021Article
- Flavor-specific enhancement of electronic cigarette liquid consumption and preference in mice.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette aerosol extract attenuate nicotine's aversive effects in adolescent rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco: Research Tools to Inform US Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Snus.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Review
- Status and Future Directions of Preclinical Behavioral Pharmacology in Tobacco Regulatory Science.Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) · 2018Article
- The nicotine-degrading enzyme NicA2 reduces nicotine levels in blood, nicotine distribution to brain, and nicotine discrimination and reinforcement in rats.BMC biotechnology · 2018Article
- Substitutability of nicotine alone and an electronic cigarette liquid using a concurrent choice assay in rats: A behavioral economic analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Behavioral Economic Laboratory Research in Tobacco Regulatory Science.Tobacco regulatory science · 2016Article
- Advances in Behavioral Laboratory Methods that Inform Tobacco Regulatory Science: A TCORS Working Group Special Issue.Tobacco regulatory science · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePreclinical abuse liability assessment is an essential component of tobacco regulatory science. The goal of this project was to evaluate the relative abuse liability of smokeless tobacco products in rats using aqueous extracts of those products. These extracts provide exposure to an extensive range of nicotine and non-nicotine tobacco constituents as occurs in humans.
methodsRats were trained to self-administer either nicotine alone or extracts of Camel Snus or Kodiak smokeless tobacco at an equivalent nicotine unit dose. In Experiment 1, the relative reinforcing efficacy of these formulations was assessed in adults and adolescents using a progressive ratio schedule under limited-access conditions. In Experiment 2, relative reinforcing efficacy was assessed in adolescents under unlimited-access conditions using behavioral economic demand curve analysis.
resultsThe reinforcing efficacy of nicotine formulations was higher in adolescents than adults, but no difference was observed between formulations in either age group. Similarly, there was no difference in elasticity of demand between formulations in adolescents.
conclusionsThe present findings suggest that the abuse liability of these smokeless tobacco products is similar to nicotine alone, and that nicotine dose is the primary determinant of the reinforcing efficacy of systemic exposure to these products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.