ArticleHealth & place2017
Income inequality widens the existing income-related disparity in depression risk in post-apartheid South Africa: Evidence from a nationally representative panel study.
Article in Health & place, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between income inequality and adult mental health at the subnational level-a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Counselling within South Africa's public health system: Mental healthcare users' experiences.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
- Divergence in the size and composition of the race gap in mental health: Evidence from South Africa.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- More or less equal? Trends in horizontal equity in mental health care utilization in Stockholm county, Sweden (2006-2022). Repeated survey-registry linked studies.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Association between the American Heart Association's New Life's Essential 8 Metrics and Depression Symptom in U.S General Adults, Finding from NHANES 2005-2018.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The road to recovery: Financial resilience and mental health in post-apartheid South Africa.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Intimate partner violence victimization during pregnancy increases risk of postpartum depression among urban adolescent mothers in South Africa.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Social Isolation, Healthy Habits, Inequality and Mental Health in the United States.Applied research in quality of life · 2023Article
- Article
- Women's Participation in a Savings Group and Depression: a Community-Based Financial Capability Intervention in Mozambique.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2023Article
- Disparities in Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions.Pediatrics · 2022Review
- Classifying depression using blood biomarkers: A large population study.Journal of psychiatric research · 2021Article
- The relationship between childhood trauma, socioeconomic status, and maternal depression among pregnant women in a South African birth cohort study.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- The Relationship of Lifestyle Factors with the Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder by Ecological Factors.Psychiatry investigation · 2021Article
- High cellphone use associated with greater risk of depression among young women aged 15-24 years in Soweto and Durban, South Africa.Global health action · 2021Article
- Effects of Income Level on the Association Between Hypertension and Depression: 2010-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2020Article
- Stigma of persons with disabilities in South Africa: Uncovering pathways from discrimination to depression and low self-esteem.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2020Article
- Agricultural wealth better predicts mental wellbeing than market wealth among highly vulnerable households in Haiti: Evidence for the benefits of a multidimensional approach to poverty.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2020Article
- Subjective social status and inequalities in depressive symptoms: a gender-specific decomposition analysis for South Africa.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- A Nationwide Panel Study on Religious Involvement and Depression in South Africa: Evidence from the South African National Income Dynamics Study.Journal of religion and health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimIncome inequality (II) and poverty are major challenges in South Africa (SA) yet little is known about their interaction on population mental health. We explored relationships between district II, household income (HHI) and depressive symptoms in national panel data.
methodWe used 3 waves (2008, 2010, 2012) of the SA National Income Dynamics Study (n=25936) in adjusted mixed effects logistic regression to assess if the relationship between HHI and depressive symptoms is dependent on level of II. Depressive symptoms were assessed with Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and District inequality ratios (P10P90) derived from HHI distributions in 53 districts.
resultsLower HHI and increasing II were associated with depressive symptoms. The interaction term between HHI and II on depressive symptoms was significant (β=0.01, 95% CI: <0.01-0.01); with increasing II and decreasing HHI, depression risk increased.
conclusionII widens income-related disparities in depression risk in SA, with policy implications for understanding socioeconomic determinants of mental health and informing global efforts to reduce disparities in high poverty and inequality contexts.
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