Observational studyPloS one2017
The natural killer cell response to West Nile virus in young and old individuals with or without a prior history of infection.
Observational study in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Activated sputum eosinophils associated with exacerbations in children on mepolizumab.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Trial
- Zika virus induces persistent phenotypic changes in natural killer cells distinct from dengue virus infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Early cellular and molecular signatures correlate with severity of West Nile virus infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Surface translocation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 upon TLR4/7/8 activation is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in circulating monocytes.Cell discovery · 2022Article
- MAVS mediates a protective immune response in the brain to Rift Valley fever virus.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Natural killer cells in antiviral immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- Natural killer cells and unconventional T cells in COVID-19.Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- Immunity to acute virus infections with advanced age.Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- In-Depth Analysis of Genetic Variation Associated with Severe West Nile Viral Disease.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Natural killer cell responses to emerging viruses of zoonotic origin.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Single cell immune profiling of dengue virus patients reveals intact immune responses to Zika virus with enrichment of innate immune signatures.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Exploring single-cell data with deep multitasking neural networks.Nature methods · 2019Article
- Current Understanding of West Nile Virus Clinical Manifestations, Immune Responses, Neuroinvasion, and Immunotherapeutic Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Vδ2 T-Cells Kill ZIKV-Infected Cells by NKG2D-Mediated Cytotoxicity.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) typically leads to asymptomatic infection but can cause severe neuroinvasive disease or death, particularly in the elderly. Innate NK cells play a critical role in antiviral defenses, yet their role in human WNV infection is poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that NK cells mount a robust, polyfunctional response to WNV characterized by cytolytic activity, cytokine and chemokine secretion. This is associated with downregulation of activating NK cell receptors and upregulation of NK cell activating ligands for NKG2D. The NK cell response did not differ between young and old WNV-naïve subjects, but a history of symptomatic infection is associated with more IFN-γ producing NK cell subsets and a significant decline in a specific NK cell subset. This NK repertoire skewing could either contribute to or follow heightened immune pathogenesis from WNV infection, and suggests that NK cells could play an important role in WNV infection in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.