Trial reportPloS one2017
German translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ).
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring health literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of instruments from 1993 to 2021.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of a Physician-Led Web Portal on Back Pain: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Trial
- Health information management of older, multimorbid patients in German primary care: feasibility and first results of the outcome measures of a cluster-randomised controlled pilot trial - HYPERION-TransCare.BMC primary care · 2025Trial
- Translation and Assessment of Structural Validity and Internal Consistency of the Polish Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) in Health Professions Students.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Evaluating an innovative support programme for older long-term cancer survivors (IMPULS-A): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Translation and cultural adaptation of the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ) in Morocco.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Developing a validity testing plan for a patient-reported outcome measure in a new context using the argument-based approach to validity.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- [Measuring health literacy: methods and tools for assessing general health literacy in adults].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Review
- Psychometric properties of the health literacy questionnaire tested in Vietnamese adults with chronic diseases.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Depression mediates the association between health literacy and health-related quality of life after myocardial infarction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Medical Doctors Approaches and Understanding of Health Literacy: A Systematic Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Validity testing of the Korean version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and its application in people with chronic diseases.PloS one · 2024Article
- Correlation between Health and eHealth Literacy and a Healthy Lifestyle: A Cross-Sectional Study of Spanish Primary Healthcare Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Health literacy and the role of social support in different age groups: results of a German cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Health literacy strengths and challenges of people in New South Wales prisons: a cross-sectional survey using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ).BMC public health · 2023Article
- Health literacy in patients with pulmonary embolism: development and validation of the HeLP (Health Literacy in Pulmonary Embolism)-Questionnaire.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Validation of a culturally adapted Swedish-language version of the Death Literacy Index.PloS one · 2023Article
- Health literacy strengths and challenges among residents of a resource-poor village in rural India: Epidemiological and cluster analyses.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), developed in Australia in 2012 using a 'validity-driven' approach, has been rapidly adopted and is being applied in many countries and languages. It is a multidimensional measure comprising nine distinct domains that may be used for surveys, needs assessment, evaluation and outcomes assessment as well as for informing service improvement and the development of interventions. The aim of this paper is to describe the German translation of the HLQ and to present the results of the validation of the culturally adapted version. The HLQ comprises 44 items, which were translated and culturally adapted to the German context. This study uses data collected from a sample of 1,058 persons with chronic conditions. Statistical analyses include descriptive and confirmatory factor analyses. In one-factor congeneric models, all scales demonstrated good fit after few model adjustments. In a single, highly restrictive nine-factor model (no cross-loadings, no correlated errors) replication of the original English-language version was achieved with fit indices and psychometric properties similar to the original HLQ. Reliability for all scales was excellent, with a Cronbach's Alpha of at least 0.77. High to very high correlations between some HLQ factors were observed, suggesting that higher order factors may be present. Our rigorous development and validation protocol, as well as strict adaptation processes, have generated a remarkable reproduction of the HLQ in German. The results of this validation provide evidence that the HLQ is robust and can be recommended for use in German-speaking populations.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trial Registration (DRKS): DRKS00000584. Registered 23 March 2011.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.