Trial reportPloS one2017
The costs of providing antiretroviral therapy services to HIV-infected individuals presenting with advanced HIV disease at public health centres in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Findings from a randomised trial evaluating different health care strategies.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resource use, availability and cost in the provision of critical care in Tanzania: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- CD4 Cell Count Threshold for Cryptococcal Antigen Screening of HIV-Infected Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Pooled it
- Estimated cost-savings from integrated care for HIV, diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a cost-minimisation analysis.Global health action · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of the Use of Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Community Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Cost of Providing Advanced HIV Disease Treatment Services through Malawi's Hub-and-Spoke Model.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Using an app for COVID-19 contact tracing costs less per person traced than manual tracing: microcosting analysis of a randomised trial in Cameroon.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Comparing the cost-effectiveness of the MPT64-antigen detection test to Xpert MTB/RIF and ZN-microscopy for the diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An economic evaluation modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Costing of HIV services, Uganda and United Republic of Tanzania.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- National Evaluation of HIV Service Resource Allocation in Tanzania.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
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- Article
- Implementing Advanced HIV Disease Care for Inpatients in a Referral Hospital in Malawi - Demand, Results and Cost Implications.Annals of global health · 2022Article
- Patient-incurred costs in a differentiated service delivery club intervention compared to standard clinical care in Northwest Tanzania.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- High burden of cryptococcal antigenemia and meningitis among patients presenting at an emergency department in Maputo, Mozambique.PloS one · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of integrating screening and treatment of selected non-communicable diseases into HIV/AIDS treatment in Uganda.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Cryptococcal Meningitis Screening and Community-based Early Adherence Support in People With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania and Zambia: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Determinants of Virological Failure Among Adult Clients on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Amhara Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia. A Case -Control Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Prevalence and management of drug-drug interactions with antiretroviral treatment in 2069 people living with HIV in rural Tanzania: a prospective cohort study.HIV medicine · 2020Article
- Clinical Consequences of Using an Indeterminate Range for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV: A Decision Model.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- The Affordability of Providing Sexually Transmitted Disease Services at a Safety-net Clinic.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the costs associated with health care delivery strategies is essential for planning. There are few data on health service resources used by patients and their associated costs within antiretroviral (ART) programmes in Africa. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe study was nested within a large trial, which evaluated screening for cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis and a short initial period of home-based adherence support for patients initiating ART with advanced HIV disease in Tanzania and Zambia. The economic evaluation was done in Tanzania alone. We estimated costs of providing routine ART services from the health service provider's perspective using a micro-costing approach. Incremental costs for the different novel components of service delivery were also estimated. All costs were converted into US dollars (US$) and based on 2012 prices.
resultsOf 870 individuals enrolled in Tanzania, 434 were enrolled in the intervention arm and 436 in the standard care/control arm. Overall, the median (IQR) age and CD4 cell count at enrolment were 38 [31, 44] years and 52 [20, 89] cells/mm3, respectively. The mean per patient costs over the first three months and over a one year period of follow up following ART initiation in the standard care arm were US$ 107 (95%CI 101-112) and US$ 265 (95%CI 254-275) respectively. ART drugs, clinic visits and hospital admission constituted 50%, 19%, and 19% of the total cost per patient year, while diagnostic tests and non-ART drugs (co-trimoxazole) accounted for 10% and 2% of total per patient year costs. The incremental costs of the intervention to the health service over the first three months was US$ 59 (p<0.001; 95%CI 52-67) and over a one year period was US$ 67(p<0.001; 95%CI 50-83). This is equivalent to an increase of 55% (95%CI 51%-59%) in the mean cost of care over the first three months, and 25% (95%CI 20%-30%) increase over one year of follow up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.