ArticlePloS one2017
Expression and prognostic impact of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in astrocytomas.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicohistopathological implications of MMP/VEGF expression in retinoblastoma: a combined meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Circulating PDIA4, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Claudin-2 in Vitamin D-Deficient Patients with Brain Tumors: An Exploratory Clinical Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the efficacy of a novel cannabidiol and bevacizumab combination in non-small cell lung cancer.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical utility of GAL-8, ITGΒ-1, and HIF-1α as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for assessing glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced batimastat delivery across the blood-brain barrier: an in vitro study for glioblastoma treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Tumor suppressive effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on glioblastoma progression.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Glioma: Drivers of Invasion and Therapeutic Targets.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Review
- Emerging Approaches in Glioblastoma Treatment: Modulating the Extracellular Matrix Through Nanotechnology.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Modelling the Impact of HIF on Metabolism and the Extracellular Matrix: Consequences for Tumour Growth and Invasion.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Proline Metabolism in WHO G4 Gliomas Is Altered as Compared to Unaffected Brain Tissue.Cancers · 2024Article
- Investigating the effect of vandetanib and celecoxib combination on angiogenesis.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone promote invasion of human glioblastoma cells through metalloproteinase‑9 and cSrc kinase.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- The Regulation of Microglial Cell Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment: A New Potential Strategy for Auxiliary Treatment of Glioma-A Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Anoctamins and Calcium Signalling: An Obstacle to EGFR Targeted Therapy in Glioblastoma?Cancers · 2022Review
- Altered Extracellular Matrix as an Alternative Risk Factor for Epileptogenicity in Brain Tumors.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Dichotomy in Growth and Invasion from Low- to High-Grade Glioma Cellular Variants.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors in adults, and despite aggressive treatment patients often experience recurrence. Survival decreases with increasing tumor grade, and especially patients with grade IV glioblastoma have poor prognosis due to the aggressive character of this tumor. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an extracellular matrix degrading enzyme which has been shown to play important roles in different cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic potential of MMP-2 in astrocytomas. Tissue samples from 89 patients diagnosed with diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma were stained immunohistochemically using a monoclonal MMP-2 antibody. The MMP-2 intensity in cytoplasm/membrane was quantified by a trained software-based classifier using systematic random sampling in 10% of the tumor area. We found MMP-2 expression in tumor cells and blood vessels. Measurements of MMP-2 intensity increased with tumor grade, and MMP-2 expression was found to be significantly higher in glioblastomas compared to normal brain tissue (p<0.001), diffuse astrocytomas (p<0.001) and anaplastic astrocytomas (p<0.05). MMP-2 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with grade II-IV astrocytic tumors (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.03-2.48; p = 0.036). In glioblastoma, high MMP-2 was associated with poorer prognosis in patients who survived longer than 8.5 months independent of age and gender (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.07-4.81; p = 0.033). We found a positive correlation between MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and combined MMP-2 and TIMP-1 had stronger prognostic value than MMP-2 alone also when adjusting for age and gender (HR 2.78; 95% CI 1.30-5.92; p = 0.008). These findings were validated in bioinformatics databases. In conclusion, this study indicates that MMP-2 is associated with aggressiveness in astrocytomas and may hold an unfavorable prognostic value in patients with glioblastoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.