ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2017
The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance in obesity.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 445 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Biomarkers of Anorexia Nervosa: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- The role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease: A translational review.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-Wide Association and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analyses of Plasma Ghrelin and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Circulating acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels in obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- GWAS on longitudinal growth traits reveals different genetic factors influencing infant, child, and adult BMI.Science advances · 2019Pooled it
- Reproductive hormone stability with prolonged intranasal oxytocin in adults with obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Trial
- Effect of high-intensity childhood games on heart rate variability, saliva leptin concentrations, and body composition in children.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Short-term Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet on Hunger Hormones, Anthropometric Parameters, and Brain Structures in Middle-aged Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2022Trial
- Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Reduced Food Odor Sensitivity across a Wide Range of Body Weights.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Racial Variations in Appetite-Related Hormones, Appetite, and Laboratory-Based Energy Intake from the E-MECHANIC Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Adipose tissue as a humoral-neuronal hub in metabolic regulation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Circulating Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1, and Vaspin Levels Across Glycemic Control Categories in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Beyond Obesity: Sex-Specific Associations of Vaspin with Metabolic Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: From Adipose Depot Biology to the Chymase-Aldosterone and Ghrelin-Leptin Axes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The Ghrelin-LEAP2 System in Obesity and Diabetes: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity, a major risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, arises from a chronic positive energy balance that is often due to unlimited access to food and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle on the background of a genetic and epigenetic vulnerability. Our understanding of the humoral and neuronal systems that mediate the control of energy homeostasis has improved dramatically in the past few decades. However, our ability to develop effective strategies to slow the current epidemic of obesity has been hampered, largely owing to the limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance to the action of metabolic hormones such as leptin and ghrelin. The development of resistance to leptin and ghrelin, hormones that are crucial for the neuroendocrine control of energy homeostasis, is a hallmark of obesity. Intensive research over the past several years has yielded tremendous progress in our understanding of the cellular pathways that disrupt the action of leptin and ghrelin. In this Review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance to leptin and ghrelin and how they can be exploited as targets for pharmacological management of obesity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.