ArticlePloS one2017
Comparison of cross-sectional HIV incidence assay results from dried blood spots and plasma.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing the test performance of dried-blood-spot and plasma HIV recent infection testing samples in a nationally scaled sex worker programme in Zimbabwe.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in a State-Wide Strategy of HIV-1 Surveillance: Impact of the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic on HIV-1 Diagnosis and Transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Observational
- A systematic review of limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay for detection of recent HIV-1 infection to expand supported applications.Journal of virus eradication · 2022Review
- Experiences and lessons learned from the real-world implementation of an HIV recent infection testing algorithm in three routine service-delivery settings in Kenya and Zimbabwe.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Very High HIV Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Diverse Adolescent and Young Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Exploring HIV-1 Transmission Dynamics by Combining Phylogenetic Analysis and Infection Timing.Viruses · 2019Article
- Separation of Plasma from Whole Blood by Use of the cobas Plasma Separation Card: a Compelling Alternative to Dried Blood Spots for Quantification of HIV-1 Viral Load.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Challenges to the performance of current HIV diagnostic assays and the need for centralized specimen archives: a review of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) repository.Gates open research · 2019Article
- Performance comparison of the Maxim and Sedia Limiting Antigen Avidity assays for HIV incidence surveillance.PloS one · 2019Article
- Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Short Communication: Dried Blood Spots Stored at Room Temperature Should Not Be Used for HIV Incidence Testing.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Dried Blood Spots for Global Health Diagnostics and Surveillance: Opportunities and Challenges.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Review
- Identification and validation of a multi-assay algorithm for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation in populations with subtype C infection.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssays have been developed for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation using plasma samples. Large scale surveillance programs are planned using dried blood spot (DBS) specimens for incidence assessment. However, limited information exists on the performance of HIV cross-sectional incidence assays using DBS.
methodsThe assays evaluated were: Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity EIA (LAg-Avidity), Sedia HIV-1 BED-Capture EIA (BED-CEIA), and CDC modified BioRad HIV-1/2 Plus O Avidity-based Assay (CDC-BioRad Avidity) using pre-determined cutoff values. 100 matched HIV-1 positive plasma and DBS samples, with known duration of infection, from the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays repository were tested. All assays were run in duplicate. To examine the degree of variability within and between results for each sample type, both categorical and continuous results were analyzed. Associations were assessed with Bland Altman, R2 values and Cohen's kappa coefficient (ĸ).
resultsIntra-assay variability using the same sample type was similar for all assays (R2 0.96 to 1.00). The R2 values comparing DBS and plasma results for LAg-Avidity, BED-CEIA, and CDC-BioRad Avidity were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.84, respectively. The concordance and ĸ values between DBS and plasma for all three assays were >87% and >0.64, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis showed significant differences between plasma and DBS samples. For all three assays, a higher number of samples were classified as recent infections using DBS samples.
conclusionsDBS and plasma sample results were highly correlated. However, when compared to plasma, each assay performed somewhat differently in DBS at the lower and higher ends of the dynamic range. DBS samples were more likely to be classified as recently infected by all three assays, which may lead to overestimation of incidence in surveys using performance criteria derived for plasma samples.
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