ArticleScientific reports2017
Long-term Impact of Temporal Sequence from Childhood Obesity to Hyperinsulinemia on Adult Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: The Bogalusa Heart Study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005129 (The Bogalusa Heart Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Bogalusa Heart Study
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Adolescent and Childhood Obesity and Excess Morbidity and Mortality in Young Adulthood-a Systematic Review.Current obesity reports · 2021Pooled it
- Serum C-peptide concentration and prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Multiple analysis of the nutritional status of children and adolescents in Western China.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Implications of pubertal stage in cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adolescents: a network analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Early-Life Exposure to Organic Chemical Pollutants as Assessed in Primary Teeth and Cardiometabolic Risk in Mexican American Children: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Childhood Obesity in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2023Article
- Insulinaemic potential of diet and lifestyle and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Iranian adults: result from Yazd health study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- Evaluation of serum levels of Irisin as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2023Article
- Prevalence and related factors of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Pediatric quality of life multidimensional fatigue scale (PedsQL-MFS) detects the effects of a 3-week Inpatient body weight reduction program for children and adolescents with obesity.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Observational
- Pilates and TRX training methods can improve insulin resistance in overweight women by increasing an exercise-hormone, Irisin.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Association of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with risk of diabetes incident in Tehranian adults: a population based cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- Adolescent BMI and early-onset type 2 diabetes among Ethiopian immigrants and their descendants: a nationwide study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Article
- BMI Change During Puberty Is an Important Determinant of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Engaging parents using web-based feedback on child growth to reduce childhood obesity: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Trajectories of childhood BMI and adult diabetes: the Bogalusa Heart Study.Diabetologia · 2019Article
- Attenuation of Metabolic Syndrome by EPA/DHA Ethyl Esters in Testosterone-Deficient Obese Rats.Marine drugs · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study aims to delineate the temporal relations between body mass index (BMI) and insulin in childhood and their impact on adult metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The longitudinal cohort consisted of 609 whites and 339 blacks who had BMI and fasting insulin measured twice in childhood (mean age = 10.5 years at baseline and 15.9 years at follow-up). Incident MetS and T2DM were identified in adulthood (mean age = 30.5 years). Cross-lagged panel and mediation analysis models were used. After adjusting for age, race, gender, and follow-up years, the cross-lagged path coefficient of BMI → insulin (β = 0.326, p < 0.001) was significantly greater than that of insulin → BMI (β = -0.023, p = 0.207) in childhood, with p < 0.001 for the difference in βs. The path coefficient for BMI → insulin was significantly greater in MetS than in non-MetS groups (0.510 vs 0.190, p < 0.001), and greater in hyperglycemia than in normoglycemia groups (0.503 vs 0.285, p = 0.026). The mediation effect of childhood insulin on the BMI-MetS and BMI-hyperglycemia associations was estimated at 19.2% (p < 0.001) and 18.3% (p < 0.001), respectively. These findings provide evidence that higher BMI levels precede hyperinsulinemia during childhood, and this one-directional relation plays a significant role in the development of MetS and T2DM in adult life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.