ArticleJapanese journal of ophthalmology2017
The prevalence and types of strabismus, and average of stereopsis in Japanese adults.
Article in Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.Survey of ophthalmologyPooled it
- A novel OPHN1 variant associated with cyclic strabismus but in the absence of OPHN1 syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Factors influencing the success of patch therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: a retrospective case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Small eye movements during convergence and divergence in individuals with intermittent exotropia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Objective Analysis of Reading Ability Using an Eye Tracker in Intermittent Exotropia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical Features According to the Type of Intermittent Exotropia: Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Increasing myopic refraction reduces random dot stereopsis in Chinese myopic patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Reliability and validity of pre- and post-operative health-related quality of life in strabismus patients using the Japanese version of the adult strabismus questionnaire (AS-20).Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Strabismus and Strabismus Surgery in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration: Foundational Analyses of Electronic Health Record Data from 2000 to 2022.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- 2021 trends in the treatment of patients with strabismus in Japan.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A Stratified Surgical Approach for Convergence Insufficiency-Type Exotropia Based on Near Deviation Magnitude: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Motor and Sensory Outcomes.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- Characteristic differences between full-term and premature infants with intermittent exotropia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Self-Reported Findings of the Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study Questionnaire.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2024Observational
- Six-month binocular stereopsis recovery and its influencing factors in children with intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Schizophrenia and Orthoptic Conditions: A Literature Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2024Review
- Strabismus Surgery for Psychosocial Reasons-A Literature Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2024Review
- Yearly changes in cases of acute acquired comitant esotropia during a 12-year period.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Efforts to improve the surgical outcome for exotropia and investigation of the insertion locations of the extraocular muscles.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2023Observational
- A cross-sectional study of ophthalmologic examination findings in 5385 Koreans presenting with intermittent exotropia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFew studies report the prevalence and types of strabismus, or average of stereopsis in Japanese adults. We performed ophthalmological evaluation including motility and stereopsis during medical examinations at cooperative companies.
methodsWe studies 1214 volunteers. The average age was 41.2 ± 12.6 (range 20-86) years. Examinations were carried out using their customary eyewear, evaluating alternate prism cover test (APCT), and Titmus stereo test (TST).
resultsThe mean horizontal angle at near distance (1/3 m) was 8.1 ± 6.0 Prism Diopter (PD), and vertical angle was 0.09 ± 1.0 PD. The total number of cases who had intermittent or constant tropia was 44 (3.6%), and the ratio of exotopia to esotropia (XT:ET ratio) was 18.5:1. The mean horizontal angle at far distance (5 m) was 3.9 ± 3.7 PD, and vertical angle was 0.09 ± 1.7 PD. The total number of cases who had intermittent or constant tropia was 21 (1.7%), and the XT:ET ratio was 7:1. The average TST was 50.1 ± 1.6 arcsec. 7.3% (n = 89) of the cases did not reach 100 arcsec.
conclusionsWe report detailed strabismus and stereopsis in Japanese adults. The XT:ET ratio was 18.5:1 in near distance, 7:1 in far distance. In our study, more than 60% of the cases of exotropia were convergence insufficiency type, and this may be a characteristic in Japanese adults.
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