Observational studyClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2017
Prevalence and clinical impact of iron deficiency and anaemia among outpatients with chronic heart failure: The PrEP Registry.
Observational study in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous iron repletion in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Pooled it
- Markers of Iron Metabolism and Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The Prognostic Significance of Anemia in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Studies From the Last Decade.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Age-stratified effects of intravenous ferric derisomaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency: insights from the IRONMAN trial.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Short-Term Changes in Left and Right Ventricular Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Strain Following Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients With Heart Failure: A Substudy of the Myocardial-IRON Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- T cell and monocyte/macrophage activation markers associate with adverse outcome, but give limited prognostic value in anemic patients with heart failure: results from RED-HF.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2019Trial
- Prevalence, Clinical Associations, and Outcomes of Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome Among Patients With Heart Failure Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Iron Matters: Comparative Impact of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation and Iron Chelation on Cardiac Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Real-world Review of Adherence to Guideline-directed Intravenous Iron Therapy in Heart Failure Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman.Current cardiology reviews · 2026Observational
- The synergy of nutritional risk and iron deficiency as a predictor of mortality in older emergency department patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Profile and Determinants of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Patients With Cardiorenal Anaemia Syndrome in Tanzania: A Descriptive Post Hoc Prospective Observational Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Chronic heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced left ventricle ejection fraction: relationship between mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and iron deficiency.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Article
- Diagnostic work-up of anemia and associated health outcomes in people with heart failure.BMC medicine · 2025Observational
- Iron Status, Anemia, and Functional Capacity in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prognostic impact of iron deficiency in new-onset chronic heart failure: Danish Heart Failure Registry insights.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency in chronic heart failure : Position statement of the heart failure working group of the Austrian Society of Cardiology.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Article
- Iron Deficiency and its Relationship with Chronic Heart Failure- A Review.Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIron deficiency (ID) and anaemia are common in heart failure (HF). The prospective, observational PReP registry (Prävalenz des Eisenmangels bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz) studied prevalence and clinical impact of ID and anaemia in HF outpatients attending cardiology practices in Germany. METHODS AND
resultsA total of 42 practices enrolled consecutive patients with chronic HF [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45%]. ID was defined as serum ferritin <100 µg/l, or serum ferritin ≥100 µg/l/<300 µg/l plus transferrin saturation <20%, and anaemia as haemoglobin <13 g/dl (12 g/dl) in men (women). Exercise capacity was assessed using spiroergometry (69.4%) or 6-min walk test (30.4%). Amongst 1198 PReP-participants [69.0 ± 10.6 years, 25.3% female, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2.4 ± 0.5, LVEF 35.3 ± 7.2%], ID was found in 42.5% (previously unknown in all), and anaemia in 18.9% (previously known in 4.8%). ID was associated with female gender, lower body weight and haemoglobin, higher NYHA class and natriuretic peptide (NP) levels (all p < 0.05). ID was also more common in anaemic than non-anaemic patients (p < 0.0001), and 9.8% of PrEP-participants had both, ID and anaemia. On spiroergometry, ID independently predicted maximum exercise capacity even after multivariable adjustment, including anaemia (p = 0.0004). In all PrEP-participants, ID predicted reduced physical performance (adjusted for age, gender, anaemia, serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, LVEF, and NP level).
conclusionsDespite high prevalence, ID was previously unknown in all PrEP-participants, and anaemia was often unappreciated. Given the clinical relevance, treatability, and independent association with reduced physical performance, ID should be considered more in real-world ambulatory healthcare settings and ID-screening be advocated to cardiologists in such populations.
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