ArticleIranian journal of otorhinolaryngology2017
Opium Addiction and Risk of Laryngeal and Esophageal Carcinoma.
Article in Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The significant impact of opium use on various types of cancer: an updated - systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- The carcinogenicity of opium consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Opium Use and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Opium Usage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Pooled it
- Laryngeal and Subglottic Necrosis Following Long-Term Heroin Inhalation.Case reports in otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The increased expression levels of human endogenous retrovirus-K envelope and human endogenous retrovirus-H polymerase transcripts in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Virology journal · 2025Article
- The Effect of Opioid Use on Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Addiction & health · 2025Review
- Article
- Reinke's Edema and Risk Factors, A Case-Control Study.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Opium use and gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2024Review
- Opium alkaloids, biosynthesis, pharmacology and association with cancer occurrence.Open biology · 2023Review
- Does recreational drug use influence survival and morbidity associated with laryngeal cancer.Addiction & health · 2022Article
- Opium as a carcinogen: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Opium and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a case-control studyTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- Opium use and subsequent incidence of cancer: results from the Golestan Cohort Study.The Lancet. Global health · 2020Article
- Opium Use and Head and Neck Cancers: A Matched Case-Control Study in Iran.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Overexpression of Adiponectin Receptors in Opium Users with and without Cancer.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2020Article
- Cancer Incidence in Kerman Province, Southeast of Iran: Report of an ongoing Population-Based Cancer Registry, 2014Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Article
- Effects of opium inhalation on physical and biochemical parameters of stray dogs in Kabul city, Afghanistan.Open veterinary journalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a well-known effect on the development of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas, but such a role for opium is questionable. This study was designed to assess the correlation between opium inhalation and cancer of the larynx and upper esophagus. MATERIALS AND
methodsFifty eight patients with laryngeal cancer, ninety eight patients with upper esophageal cancer and twenty seven healthy individuals with no evidence of head and neck or esophageal malignancies were selected from Otolaryngology and Radiation Oncology Department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Duration and amount of cigarette smoking and opium consumption were recorded through comprehensive interviews.
resultsThe crude odds ratio for laryngeal cancer was 5.58 (95% CI 2.05-15.15, P=0.000) in cigarette smokers relative to non-smokers and 9.09 (95% CI 3.21-25.64, P=0.000) in opium users relative to non-users. The crude odds ratio for esophageal cancer was 0.44 (95% CI 0.18-1.09, P=0.07) in cigarette smokers relative to non-smokers and 1.44 (95% CI 0.57-3.62, P=0.43) in opium users relative to non-users. After adjusting for smoking, the odds ratio for laryngeal cancer in opium users relative to non-users was 6.06 (95% CI 1.10-33.23, P=0.05). Laryngeal cancer was detected at a significantly lower age in opium users (54.54±10.93 vs 62.92±10.10 years, P=0.02) than in smokers. This effect was not observed in esophageal cancer. Although the duration (year 17.50±14.84 vs 21.91±14.03; P=0.34) and amount (pack/day 0.625 vs 0.978; P=0.06) of smoking were higher among those who were opium dependent, these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.34 and P=0.06, respectively).
conclusionOpium addiction by snuffing is an independent risk factor for the development laryngeal cancer but not esophageal cancer. Cigarette smoking increases this risk. Opium dependency increases the likelihood of developing laryngeal cancer at a younger age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
28229058PMC5307300W2571171845What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.