Observational studyIndian heart journal
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4: A study of cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease.
Observational study in Indian heart journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors, prevalence and prognostic role of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Renal failure · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease without dialysis: a meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2018Pooled it
- Experimental rodent models of cardiorenal syndrome types 3 and 4: Insights and clinical relevance (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence of cardiorenal syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Early Administration of N-Acetylcysteine Provides Renal and Cardiac Mitochondrial and Redox Protection, Preventing the Development of Cardio-Renal Syndrome Type IV Induced by 5/6NX.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- [Anemia and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in adult patients with cardiorenal syndrome: a cross-sectional study]Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina) · 2025Article
- Effect of N-Acetylcysteine in Mitochondrial Function, Redox Signaling, and Sirtuin 3 Levels in the Heart During Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4 Development.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A minimally invasive swine model of chronic kidney disease-associated heart failure.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Panax notoginseng saponins inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by downregulating lncRNA-ANRIL in cardiorenal syndrome type 4.Chinese medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Grb2 Induces Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3: Roles of IL-6, Cardiomyocyte Bioenergetics, and Akt/mTOR Pathway.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- miR-19 promotes development of renal fibrosis by targeting PTEN-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2020Article
- Pterostilbene protects against uraemia serum-induced endothelial cell damage via activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.International urology and nephrology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe heart and the kidneys are tightly interlinked with each other. So, primary disorder of one of these organs often results in the secondary dysfunction of other. Such interactions play a vital role in the pathogenesis of a clinical entity called cardio-renal syndrome (CRS). CRS type 4 refers to the development of cardiac failure in the patients with CKD.
objectivesTo study the prevalence of various cardiac diseases in the patients with CKD and risk factors for it.
methodsEighty patients with CKD who were being treated at KIMS, Hubli, from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2015 were selected. Clinical evaluation and relevant investigations including echocardiography were done.
resultsMean age of study population was 43.50±14.53 years. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and Heart Failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were present in 21 (26.25%) and 59 (73.75%) respectively. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was present in 55(68.75%). Thus, the prevalence of CRS type 4 was 61 (76.25%). Pericardial effusion was present in 12 (15%). Complete heart block was present in 2 (2.5%). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was present in 35 (43.75%). Mean central venous pressure (CVP) and interdialysis fluid retention were significantly greater among those with LV failure, compared to those without LV failure (p=0.0002, p=0.025 respectively). Mean hemoglobin was significantly lower among patients with LV failure, compared to those without LV failure (p=0.032).
conclusionThe prevalence of cardiorenal syndrome type 4 is substantially high in patients with CKD and carries adverse outcome in relation to patient management.
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