ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2017
Genetically predicted milk consumption and bone health, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Evidence for a causal association between milk intake and cardiometabolic disease outcomes using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization analysis in up to 1,904,220 individuals.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: ADose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2018Pooled it
- Article
- Lactase Persistence-Associated rs4988235 Polymorphism: A Novel Genetic Link to Cardiovascular Risk via Modulation of ApoB100 and ApoAI.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Genetic analysis of congenital and adult-onset lactose intolerance points to anti-inflammatory effects of dairy products.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Article
- Milk and dairy products - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Environment- and epigenome-wide association study of obesity in 'Children of 1997' birth cohort.eLife · 2023Article
- Dairy matrix: is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?Nutrition reviews · 2021Review
- Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications.Bone research · 2021Review
- Mendelian Randomization Identifies the Potential Causal Impact of Dietary Patterns on Circulating Blood Metabolites.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Genetically proxied milk consumption and risk of colorectal, bladder, breast, and prostate cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMC medicine · 2020Article
- Genetic Pleiotropy of Bone-Related Phenotypes: Insights from Osteoporosis.Current osteoporosis reports · 2020Review
- Clinical Utility ofNutrients · 2020Observational
- Article
- Estimating Lactase Nonpersistence Distributions in the Multi-Ethnic Canadian Demographic: A Population-Based Study.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2020Article
- The Eurasian lactase persistence variantJournal of nutritional science · 2020Article
- Dietary Fat and the Genetic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesMilk provides protein and micronutrients, and is recommended by some dietary guidelines, particularly for bone health. Meta-analysis of small randomized controlled trials suggests that milk may increase bone mineral density, but they are very heterogeneous. No randomized controlled trial has assessed the effects of milk on major chronic diseases. Previous Mendelian randomization studies of milk did not consider bone health, found no effects on ischemic heart disease (IHD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) but higher body mass index. Using larger genetic studies, we estimated the effects of milk on osteoporosis, IHD, T2D, adiposity, lipids and glycemic traits. SUBJECTS/
methodsInstrumental variable analysis based on a genetic variant endowing lactase persistence (rs4988235 (MCM6)) was used to obtain estimates for osteoporosis (GEFOS), IHD (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D), T2D (DIAGRAM), adiposity (GIANT), lipids (GLGC) and glycaemic traits (MAGIC). Eye color was a negative control for IHD, as it mirrors the distribution of lactase persistence and IHD in Western Europe.
resultsGenetically predicted adult milk consumption was not clearly associated with bone mineral density, IHD (odds ratio (OR): 1.03 per s.d., 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.12) and or T2D (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83-1.02) but was associated with higher log-transformed fasting insulin (0.05, 95% CI: 0.02-0.07) and body mass index (0.06, 95% CI: 0.03-0.09). Genetically predicted eye color was not associated with IHD.
conclusionsThe lack of association of genetically predicted milk consumption with bone health, IHD or T2D suggests few beneficial effects but is more consistent with milk promoting adiposity.
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