ArticlePharmaceutical research2017
Ocular safety of Intravitreal Clindamycin Hydrochloride Released by PLGA Implants.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical outcomes of intravitreal treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023Pooled it
- PLGA Implants for Controlled Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Potential.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Considerations in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: a review of literature.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- In Situ Formation of Injectable Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogels for Effective Intraocular Delivery of Triamcinolone Acetonide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Use of a slow-release intravitreal clindamycin implant for the management of ocular toxoplasmosis.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2021Article
- Recent advances in intraocular sustained-release drug delivery devices.Drug discovery today · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrug ocular toxicity is a field that requires attention. Clindamycin has been injected intravitreally to treat ocular toxoplasmosis, the most common cause of eye posterior segment infection worldwide. However, little is known about the toxicity of clindamycin to ocular tissues. We have previously showed non intraocular toxicity in rabbit eyes of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants containing clindamycin hydrochloride (CLH) using only clinical macroscotopic observation. In this study, we investigated the in vivo biocompatibility of CLH-PLGA implants at microscotopic, cellular and molecular levels.
methodsMorphology of ARPE-19 and MIO-M1 human retinal cell lines was examined after 72 h exposure to CLH-PLGA implant. Drug delivery system was also implanted in the vitreous of rat eyes, retinal morphology was evaluated in vivo and ex vivo. Morphology of photoreceptors and inflammation was assessed using immunofluorescence and real-time PCR.
resultsAfter 72 h incubation with CLH-PLGA implant, ARPE-19 and MIO-M1 cells preserved the actin filament network and cell morphology. Rat retinas displayed normal lamination structure at 30 days after CLH-PLGA implantation. There was no apoptotic cell and no loss in neuron cells. Cones and rods maintained their normal structure. Microglia/macrophages remained inactive. CLH-PLGA implantation did not induce gene expression of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), VEGF, and iNOS at day 30.
conclusionThese results demonstrated the safety of the implant and highlight this device as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis.
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