Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28223180›Full record

ReviewExperimental eye research2017

Biomechanical aspects of axonal damage in glaucoma: A brief review.

Cheri Stowell, Claude F Burgoyne, Ernst R Tamm, C Ross Ethier, Lasker/IRRF Initiative on Astrocytes and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration Participants

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental eye research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
12.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Vascular regeneration and blood flow recovery in glaucoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Mechanobiology in the eye.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2025
    Review
  11. Considerations and implications of currentFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Tissue Engineering and Ophthalmology.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 15 institutions in 3 countries.

Cheri StowellOptic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Claude F BurgoyneOptic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Ernst R TammInstitute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
C Ross EthierDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: ross.ethier@bme.gatech.edu.
Lasker/IRRF Initiative on Astrocytes and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration Participants
Legacy Health · USHarvard University · USUniversity of California, Santa Barbara · USEmory University · USHarvard University Press · USMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary · USNew York Medical College · USOregon Health & Science University · USUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USUniversity of Regensburg · DE

Funding

IVEM and Image Analysis ResourceP41GM103412 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELLISMAN, MARK H · 2012 to 2019
$17.9M
IOP RELATED FORCE AND FAILURE IN THE OPTIC NERVE HEADR01EY011610 · NEI · LOUISIANA STATE UNIV HSC NEW ORLEANS · PI BURGOYNE, CLAUDE F · 1998 to 2020
$12.6M
Targeting Scleral Stiffness as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in GlaucomaR01EY025286 · NEI · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ETHIER, C ROSS · 2015 to 2019
$2.5M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY011610NEI NIH HHS R01 EY025286NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103412
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The biomechanical environment within the optic nerve head (ONH) is complex and is likely directly involved in the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. Unfortunately, our understanding of this process is poor. Here we describe factors that influence ONH biomechanics, including ONH connective tissue microarchitecture and anatomy; intraocular pressure (IOP); and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFp). We note that connective tissue factors can vary significantly from one individual to the next, as well as regionally within an eye, and that the understanding of ONH biomechanics is hindered by anatomical differences between small-animal models of glaucoma (rats and mice) and humans. Other challenges of using animal models of glaucoma to study the role of biomechanics include the complexity of assessing the degree of glaucomatous progression; and inadequate tools for monitoring and consistently elevating IOP in animal models. We conclude with a consideration of important open research questions/challenges in this area, including: (i) Creating a systems biology description of the ONH; (ii) addressing the role of astrocyte connective tissue remodeling and reactivity in glaucoma; (iii) providing a better characterization of ONH astrocytes and non-astrocytic constituent cells; (iv) better understanding the role of ONH astrocyte phagocytosis, proliferation and death; (v) collecting gene expression and phenotype data on a larger, more coordinated scale; and (vi) developing an implantable IOP sensor.

Indexed as

AnimalsAxonsBiomechanical PhenomenaCerebrospinal Fluid PressureConnective TissueGlaucomaHumansIntraocular PressureOptic DiskOptic Nerve DiseasesRetinal Ganglion Cells

Identifiers

PMID28223180
PMCPMC5438465
OpenAlexW2589298595

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.