Trial reportPloS one2017
Costs and effects of a state-wide health promotion program in primary schools in Germany - the Baden-Württemberg Study: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Methods for the economic evaluation of obesity prevention dietary interventions in children: A systematic review and critical appraisal of the evidence.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Lifestyle Modification Interventions to Prevent and Manage Child and Adolescent Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Nutritional Education Interventions on Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing obesity in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Therapeutic Treatment for Abdominal Obesity in Adults.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2018Pooled it
- Skipping breakfast, overconsumption of soft drinks and screen media: longitudinal analysis of the combined influence on weight development in primary schoolchildren.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Health economic evaluation of health promotion and disease prevention in Germany: a scoping review.Health economics review · 2026Review
- Food consumption behaviour and self-perceived nutrition knowledge: a case study of students with limited formal nutrition education in pre-university schooling.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- The policy and practice of establishing healthy eating in preschool children in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina: a qualitative study.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Does the healthy plate model workshop improve nutrition knowledge, behaviors, and habits in school-age children? The impact of workshop on dietary habits : Original article.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The cost-effectiveness of school-based interventions for chronic diseases: a systematic review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2024Review
- Exploring possibilities for the development of healthy eating habits in preschool settings: parent's and teacher's perspectives.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Toward the economic evaluation of participatory approaches in health promotion: lessons from four German physical activity promotion projects.Health promotion international · 2021Article
- Longitudinal changes and determinants of parental willingness to pay for the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity.Health economics review · 2020Article
- School health in Europe: a review of workforce expenditure across five countries.BMC health services research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the state-wide implementation of the health promotion program "Join the Healthy Boat" in primary schools in Germany.
methodsCluster-randomized intervention trial with wait-list control group. Anthropometric data of 1733 participating children (7.1 ± 0.6 years) were taken by trained staff before and after a one year intervention period in the academic year 2010/11. Parents provided information about the health status, and the health behaviour of their children and themselves, parental anthropometrics, and socio-economic background variables. Incidence of abdominal obesity, defined as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5, was determined. Generalized linear models were applied to account for the clustering of data within schools, and to adjust for baseline-values. Losses to follow-up and missing data were analysed. From a societal perspective, the overall costs, costs per pupil, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to identify the costs per case of averted abdominal obesity were calculated.
resultsThe final regression model for the incidence of abdominal obesity shows lower odds for the intervention group after an adjustment for grade, gender, baseline WHtR, and breakfast habits (odds ratio = 0.48, 95% CI [0.25; 0.94]). The intervention costs per child/year were €25.04. The costs per incidental case of averted abdominal obesity varied between €1515 and €1993, depending on the different dimensions of the target group.
conclusionThis study demonstrates the positive effects of state-wide, school-based health promotion on incidental abdominal obesity, at affordable costs and with proven cost-effectiveness. These results should support allocative decisions of policymakers. An early start to the prevention of abdominal obesity is of particular importance because of its close relationship to non-communicable diseases.
trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Freiburg University, Germany, DRKS-ID: DRKS00000494.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.