ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2017
Adolescents' Prescription Stimulant Use and Adult Functional Outcomes: A National Prospective Study.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stimulant Therapy and Prescription Drug Misuse During Transition to Young Adulthood.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Adolescents' Use of Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Subsequent Risk of Nonmedical Stimulant Use.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- From Consensus Statement to Pills to Pixels: New Innovations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Care.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Is Early Onset of Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use Associated With Cocaine Use During Adolescence? Results From a National Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Article
- Is age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse?Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Prescription Stimulant Medical and Nonmedical Use Among US Secondary School Students, 2005 to 2020.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Type of medication therapy for ADHD and stimulant misuse during adolescence: a cross-sectional multi-cohort national study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Substance Use Disorder Symptom Severity at Age 18 Years and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Potential risk groups and psychological, psychosocial, and health behavioral predictors of pharmacological neuroenhancement among university students in Germany.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Behavioral Willingness, Descriptive Normative Perceptions, and Prescription Stimulant Misuse among Young Adults 18-20.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Self-management training vs. neurofeedback interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized controlled treatment study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Prevalence of Pharmacological Neuroenhancement Among University Students Before and During the COVID-19-Pandemic: Results of Three Consecutive Cross-Sectional Survey Studies in Germany.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Pharmacotherapy for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Retention in Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2021Observational
- Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants as a "Red Flag" for Other Substance Use.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
- Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Trends in stimulant dispensing by age, sex, state of residence, and prescriber specialty - United States, 2014-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Disentangling the Social Context of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students.The American journal on addictions · 2020Article
- Psychosocial functioning among college students who misuse stimulants versus other drugs.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Characterizing Pathways of Non-oral Prescription Stimulant Non-medical Use Among Adults Recruited From Reddit.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the prospective 17-year relationship between the medical and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants during adolescence (age 18 years) and educational attainment and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms in adulthood (age 35 years).
methodA survey was self-administered by nationally representative probability samples of US high school seniors from the Monitoring the Future study; 8,362 of these individuals were followed longitudinally from adolescence (age 18, high school senior years 1976-1996) to adulthood (age 35, 1993-2013).
resultsAn estimated 8.1% reported medical use of prescription stimulants, and 16.7% reported nonmedical use of prescription stimulants by age 18 years. Approximately 43% of adolescent medical users of prescription stimulants had also engaged in nonmedical use of prescription stimulants during adolescence. Among past-year adolescent nonmedical users of prescription stimulants, 97.3% had used at least one other substance during the past year. Medical users of prescription stimulants without any history of nonmedical use during adolescence did not differ significantly from population controls (i.e., non-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and non-stimulant-medicated ADHD during adolescence) in educational attainment and SUD symptoms in adulthood. In contrast, adolescent nonmedical users of prescription stimulants (with or without medical use) had lower educational attainment and more SUD symptoms in adulthood, compared to population controls and medical users of prescription stimulants without nonmedical use during adolescence.
conclusionNonmedical use of prescription stimulants is common among adolescents prescribed these medications. The findings indicate youth should be carefully monitored for nonmedical use because this behavior is associated with lower educational attainment and more SUD symptoms in adulthood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.