ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Biomarkers in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Treatment of mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia in previously healthy children: an Italian intersociety consensus (SIPPS-SIP-SITIP-FIMP-SIAIP-SIMRI-FIMMG-SIMG).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Development and validation of a machine learning-driven framework for differentiating pediatric bronchopneumonia from lobar pneumonia: a multicenter investigation.European journal of medical research · 2025Trial
- Serum activin A as a prognostic biomarker for community acquired pneumonia.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Trial
- Lung ultrasound and procalcitonin, improving antibiotic management and avoiding radiation exposure in pediatric critical patients with bacterial pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial.European journal of medical research · 2024Trial
- C-reactive protein or procalcitonin combined with rhinorrhea for discrimination of viral from bacterial infections in hospitalized adults in non-intensive care units with lower respiratory tract infections.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Trial
- Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children with acute bronchiolitis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2018Trial
- Admission inflammatory biomarker phenotypes and risk of severe community-acquired pneumonia and PARDS in young children.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Study on the correlation between respiratory microbiome alterations and disease location/severity in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- The Impact of the Hemoglobin-to-Lactate Ratio (HLR) on Clinical Outcomes and Prognosis in Pneumonia Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Management of Pediatric Pneumonia by Lung Ultrasound versus Chest X-ray.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Role of biomarkers in pediatric sepsis: What evidence says?World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- The role of systemic immune-inflammation Index in predicting the diagnosis of severe pneumonia in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Use of the Proportion of Neutrophils in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Rapid Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia in Children.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Construction and Validation of a Convenient Death Prediction Model for Pediatric Pneumonia Patients in Intensive Care Units.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Development of a Reference Standard to Assign Bacterial Versus Viral Infection Etiology Using an All-inclusive Methodology for Comparison of Novel Diagnostic Tool Performance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- A 5-transcript signature for discriminating viral and bacterial etiology in pediatric pneumonia.iScience · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges in Pediatric Sepsis Diagnosis: Integrating Early Warning Scores and Biomarkers for Improved Prognosis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Age-stratified selection of albumin-based inflammatory ratios: a novel strategy for optimizing risk prediction of severe pneumonia in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Dynamics of platelet parameters in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia between viral and bacterial infections.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for Serious Bacterial Infections in Febrile Children.Biomolecules · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or a combination of these infectious agents. The severity of the clinical manifestations of CAP varies significantly. Consequently, both the differentiation of viral from bacterial CAP cases and the accurate assessment and prediction of disease severity are critical for effectively managing individuals with CAP. To solve questionable cases, several biomarkers indicating the etiology and severity of CAP have been studied. Unfortunately, only a few studies have examined the roles of these biomarkers in pediatric practice. The main aim of this paper is to detail current knowledge regarding the use of biomarkers to diagnose and treat CAP in children, analyzing the most recently published relevant studies. Despite several attempts, the etiologic diagnosis of pediatric CAP and the estimation of the potential outcome remain unsolved problems in most cases. Among traditional biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) appears to be the most effective for both selecting bacterial cases and evaluating the severity. However, a precise cut-off separating bacterial from viral and mild from severe cases has not been defined. The three-host protein assay based on C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), plasma interferon-γ protein-10 (IP-10), and micro-array-based whole genome expression arrays might offer more advantages in comparison with former biomarkers. However, further studies are needed before the routine use of those presently in development can be recommended.
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Registered trials
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