Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28218261›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2017

Pneumococcal prophages are diverse, but not without structure or history.

Angela B Brueggemann, Caroline L Harrold, Reza Rezaei Javan, Andries J van Tonder, Angus J McDonnell, Ben A Edwards

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. From Farm to Fork:Viruses · 2022
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Host life-history traits influence the distribution of prophages and the genes they carry.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  14. Prophage Diversity AcrossFrontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Article
  19. A New Phage Lysin Isolated from the Oral Microbiome TargetingPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Angela B BrueggemannNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Caroline L HarroldNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Reza Rezaei JavanNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Andries J van TonderNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Angus J McDonnellNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ben A EdwardsNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 04992/Z/14/ZWellcome Trust 083511/Z/07/ZWellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophages (phages) infect many bacterial species, but little is known about the diversity of phages among the pneumococcus, a leading global pathogen. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, diversity and molecular epidemiology of prophages (phage DNA integrated within the bacterial genome) among pneumococci isolated over the past 90 years. Nearly 500 pneumococcal genomes were investigated and RNA sequencing was used to explore prophage gene expression. We revealed that every pneumococcal genome contained prophage DNA. 286 full-length/putatively full-length pneumococcal prophages were identified, of which 163 have not previously been reported. Full-length prophages clustered into four major groups and every group dated from the 1930-40 s onward. There was limited evidence for genes shared between prophage clusters. Prophages typically integrated in one of five different sites within the pneumococcal genome. 72% of prophages possessed the virulence genes pblA and/or pblB. Individual prophages and the host pneumococcal genetic lineage were strongly associated and some prophages persisted for many decades. RNA sequencing provided clear evidence of prophage gene expression. Overall, pneumococcal prophages were highly prevalent, demonstrated a structured population, possessed genes associated with virulence, and were expressed under experimental conditions. Pneumococcal prophages are likely to play a more important role in pneumococcal biology and evolution than previously recognised.

Indexed as

Genome, BacterialBase SequenceCluster AnalysisLysogenyPhylogenyProphagesRNA, BacterialSequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNAStreptococcus pneumoniaeVirulence FactorsRNA, BacterialVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID28218261
PMCPMC5317160
OpenAlexW2589558686

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.