ReviewFrontiers in plant science2017
A Perspective on CRN Proteins in the Genomics Age: Evolution, Classification, Delivery and Function Revisited.
Review in Frontiers in plant science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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44 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Genomics Provide Insight Into the Evolution of European Aphanomyces euteiches Strains.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Molecular Interactions Between Soil-Borne Oomycetes and Plants: Infection Mechanisms, Host Resistance, and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- AACRNL evolved from virulence factor to epigenetic parasite driving genome expansion in free-living eukaryotes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- EnP1 exploits H2Aub-dependent epigenetic reprogramming to promote microsporidia proliferation in host cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A near-complete telomere-to-telomere genome assembly for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis GPL JEL423 reveals a larger CBM18 gene family and a smaller M36 metalloprotease gene family than previously recognized.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Dual transcriptional characterization of spinach and Peronospora effusa during resistant and susceptible race-cultivar interactions.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of specific motifs in effector proteins of plant parasites using MOnSTER.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Identification of Phytophthora cinnamomi CRN effectors and their roles in manipulating cell death during Persea americana infection.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Identification of self- and pathogen-targeted miRNAs from resistant and susceptible Theobroma cacao variety to black pod disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- RNA silencing proteins and small RNAs in oomycete plant pathogens and biocontrol agents.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genome analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The cytosolic iron-sulphur cluster assembly mechanism in grapevine is one target of a virulent Crinkler effector from Plasmopara viticola.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
- Unraveling Plant Cell Death duringMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Chromosome-level assembly of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Systematic identification and functional characterization of the CFEM proteins in poplar fungusFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Comparative analysis ofData in brief · 2021Article
- Comparative analysis of draft genome assemblies developed from whole genome sequences of twoBiotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Remote homology clustering identifies lowly conserved families of effector proteins in plant-pathogenic fungi.Microbial genomics · 2021Article
- Haustorium formation and a distinct biotrophic transcriptome characterize infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by the tree pathogen Phytophthora kernoviae.Molecular plant pathology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plant associated microbes rely on secreted virulence factors (effectors) to modulate host immunity and ensure progressive infection. Amongst the secreted protein repertoires defined and studied in pathogens to date, the CRNs (for CRinkling and Necrosis) have emerged as one of only a few highly conserved protein families, spread across several kingdoms. CRN proteins were first identified in plant pathogenic oomycetes where they were found to be modular factors that are secreted and translocated inside host cells by means of a conserved N-terminal domain. Subsequent localization and functional studies have led to the view that CRN C-termini execute their presumed effector function in the host nucleus, targeting processes required for immunity. These findings have led to great interest in this large protein family and driven the identification of additional CRN-like proteins in other organisms. The identification of CRN proteins and subsequent functional studies have markedly increased the number of candidate CRN protein sequences, expanded the range of phenotypes tentatively associated with function and revealed some of their molecular functions toward virulence. The increased number of characterized CRNs also has presented a set of challenges that may impede significant progress in the future. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the CRNs and re-assess some basic assumptions regarding this protein family. We will discuss the latest findings on CRN biology and highlight exciting new hypotheses that have emanated from the field. Finally, we will discuss new approaches to study CRN functions that would lead to a better understanding of CRN effector biology as well as the processes that lead to host susceptibility and immunity.
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