Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28216033›Full record

SynthesisPediatric neurology2017

Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Corey H Allen, Benzi M Kluger, Isabelle Buard

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pediatric neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05013736 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Perinatal Stroke: Longitudinal Assessment of Infant Brain Organization and Recovery Through Neuroexcitability, Neuroimaging and Motor Development

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonRan2022 to 2026Enrolled65ConditionsPerinatal StrokeArmsMagnetic Resonance Imaging, Behavioral Assessments, Non invasive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NCT05134259 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

The Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy in a Sample of Egyptian Children

TypeinterventionalSponsorAl-Azhar UniversityRan2022 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsCerebral PalsyArmsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
NCT07185438 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Clinical Efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Adolescents With Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorFirst Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityRan2025 to 2027Enrolled45ConditionsDepression - Major Depressive DisorderArmsExperimental target rTMS treatment, Conventional target rTMS treatment, Sham stimulation treatment
NCT07364799 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of the SoundHeal (Heal) Multi-Sensory Integrative Therapy in Enhancing Emotional Regulation Among Justice-Involved Youth and Its Effect on Therapeutic Alliance and Mental Health Outcomes

TypeinterventionalSponsorSoundHealRan2026 to 2026Enrolled12ConditionsEmotional Dysregulation, Therapeutic Alliance, Depression Disorder, Anxiety DisordersArmsMulti-sensory emotional regulation intervention (Heal)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. A Systematic Review of the Safety and Tolerability of Theta Burst Stimulation in Children and Adolescents.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2022
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021
    Guideline
  10. Pooled it
  11. Trial
  12. Cortical Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition in Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes: A Pilot TMS-EMG-EEG Study.Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society · 2020
    Trial
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Neurodevelopmental considerations for transcranial magnetic stimulation trials in youth.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Corey H AllenNeuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Benzi M KlugerDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
Isabelle BuardDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Electronic address: Isabelle.Buard@ucdenver.edu.
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USGeorgia State University · US

Funding

Intrinsic Cortical Networks and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson???s DiseaseK02NS080885 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI KLUGER, BENZI M · 2013 to 2017
$824k
NINDS NIH HHS K02 NS080885
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundData and best practice recommendations for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) use in adults are largely available. Although there are fewer data in pediatric populations and no published guidelines, its practice in children continues to grow.

methodsWe performed a literature search through PubMed to review all TMS studies from 1985 to 2016 involving children and documented any adverse events. Crude risks were calculated per session.

resultsFollowing data screening we identified 42 single-pulse and/or paired-pulse TMS studies involving 639 healthy children, 482 children with central nervous system disorders, and 84 children with epilepsy. Adverse events occurred at rates of 3.42%, 5.97%, and 4.55% respective to population and number of sessions. We also report 23 repetitive TMS studies involving 230 central nervous system and 24 children with epilepsy with adverse event rates of 3.78% and 0.0%, respectively. We finally identified three theta-burst stimulation studies involving 90 healthy children, 40 children with central nervous system disorder, and no epileptic children, with adverse event rates of 9.78% and 10.11%, respectively. Three seizures were found to have occurred in central nervous system disorder individuals during repetitive TMS, with a risk of 0.14% per session. There was no significant difference in frequency of adverse events by group (P = 0.988) or modality (P = 0.928).

conclusionsAvailable data suggest that risk from TMS/theta-burst stimulation in children is similar to adults. We recommend that TMS users in this population follow the most recent adult safety guidelines until sufficient data are available for pediatric specific guidelines. We also encourage continued surveillance through surveys and assessments on a session basis.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System DiseasesChildHumansPatient SafetyTranscranial Magnetic Stimulationadverseneurostimulationpediatricseizuretranscranial

Identifiers

PMID28216033
PMCPMC5346461
OpenAlexW2568612359

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.